Some Issues in the Testing of Computer Simulation Models

机译：计算机仿真模型测试中的几个问题

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The testing of simulation models has much in common with testing processes in other types of application involving software development. However, there are also important differences associated with the fact that simulation model testing involves two distinct aspects, which are known as verification and validation. Model validation is concerned with investigation of modelling errors and model limitations while verification involves checking that the simulation program is an accurate representation of the mathematical and logical structure of the underlying model. Success in model validation depends upon the availability of detailed information about all aspects of the system being modelled. It also may depend on the availability of high quality data from the system which can be used to compare its behaviour with that of the corresponding simulation model. Transparency, high standards of documentation and good management of simulation models and data sets are basic requirements in simulation model testing. Unlike most other areas of software testing, model validation often has subjective elements, with potentially important contributions from face-validation procedures in which experts give a subjective assessment of the fidelity of the model. Verification and validation processes are not simply applied once but must be used repeatedly throughout the model development process, with regressive testing principles being applied. Decisions about when a model is acceptable for the intended application inevitably involve some form of risk assessment. A case study concerned with the development and application of a simulation model of a hydro-turbine and electrical generator system is used to illustrate some of the issues arising in a typical control engineering application. Results from the case study suggest that it is important to bring together objective aspects of simulation model testing and the more subjective face-validation aspects in a coherent fashion. Suggestions are also made about the need for changes in approach in the teaching of simulation techniques to engineering students to give more emphasis to issues of model quality, testing and validation.

机译：仿真模型的测试与涉及软件开发的其他类型应用程序的测试过程有很多共通之处。但是，仿真模型测试涉及两个不同的方面，这也有重要的区别，这就是验证和确认。模型验证与模型错误和模型限制的调查有关，而验证则涉及检查仿真程序是否正确表示了基础模型的数学和逻辑结构。模型验证的成功取决于有关正在建模的系统各个方面的详细信息的可用性。它还可能取决于来自系统的高质量数据的可用性，可用于将其行为与相应仿真模型的行为进行比较。透明度，高标准的文档编制以及对仿真模型和数据集的良好管理是仿真模型测试的基本要求。与软件测试的大多数其他领域不同，模型验证通常具有主观因素，而面部验证程序可能具有重要的贡献，在该程序中，专家对模型的保真度进行了主观评估。验证和确认过程不是简单地应用一次，而是必须在整个模型开发过程中重复使用，并应用回归测试原则。关于什么时候模型适合预期应用的决策不可避免地涉及某种形式的风险评估。以与水轮机和发电机系统的仿真模型的开发和应用有关的案例研究为例，来说明在典型控制工程应用中出现的一些问题。案例研究的结果表明，以连贯的方式将仿真模型测试的客观方面和更主观的面部验证方面结合在一起非常重要。还提出了对工程技术学生进行模拟技术教学时需要改变方法的建议，以更加强调模型质量，测试和验证问题。

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Murray-Smith David;
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年度 2017
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Some Issues in the Testing of Computer Simulation Models

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