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Evaluation of the Diurnal Variation of Upper Tropospheric Humidity in Reanalysis Using Homogenized Observed Radiances from International Geostationary Weather Satellites

机译：利用均质观测卫星均质观测解除疗法评价再分析上对流层湿度的昼夜变化

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A near global dataset of homogenized clear-sky 6.5-μm brightness temperatures (BTs) from international geostationary (GEO) weather satellites has recently been generated and validated. In this study, these radiance measurements are used to construct the diurnal variation of upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) and to evaluate these diurnal variations simulated by five reanalysis datasets over the 45° N–45° S region. The features of the diurnal variation described by the new dataset are comparable with previous observational studies that a land–sea contrast in the diurnal variation of UTH is exhibited. Distinct diurnal variations are observed over the deep convective regions where high UTH exists. The evaluation of reanalysis datasets indicates that reanalysis systems still have considerable difficulties in capturing the observed features of the diurnal variation of UTH. All five reanalysis datasets present the largest wet biases in the afternoon when the observed UTH experiences a diurnal minimum. Reanalysis can roughly reproduce the day–night contrast of UTH but with much weaker amplitudes and later peak time over both land and ocean. Comparison of the geographical distribution of the diurnal variation shows that both ERA5 and MERRA-2 could capture the larger diurnal variations over convective regions. However, the diurnal amplitudes are widely underestimated, especially over convective land regions, while the phase biases are relatively larger over open oceans. These results suggest that some deficiencies may exist in convection and cloud parameterization schemes in reanalysis models.
机译：最近生成并验证了来自国际地静止（Geo）天气卫星的均质清晰度6.5-μm亮度温度（BTS）的近全球数据集。在该研究中，这些光线测量用于构建上部对流层湿度（UTH）的昼夜变化，并评估在45°N-45°S区域上由五个再分析数据集模拟的这些昼夜变化。新数据集描述的昼夜变化的特征与先前的观察性研究相当，即展示了UTH的昼夜变化中的陆海对比。在高UTH存在的深入对流区域上观察到不同的昼夜变化。再分析数据集的评估表明，再分析系统仍然在捕获UTH的昼夜变化的观察特征方面具有相当大的困难。当观察到的UTH经历昼夜最低限度时，所有五个重新分析数据集都在下午呈现最大的湿偏差。 Reanalysis可以大致繁殖Uth的日夜对比，但在陆地和海洋中有更弱的幅度和后期高峰时间。昼夜变异的地理分布的比较表明，ERA5和MERRA-2均可捕获对流区域的较大的昼夜变化。然而，昼夜振幅被广泛低估，尤其是对流陆地区，而相偏差在开阔的海洋上相对较大。这些结果表明，在Reanalysis模型中的对流和云参数化方案中可能存在一些缺陷。

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