Rice technologies that are designed to reduce risks due to climate variations, improve productivity, or overcome labor scarcity are important in tropical Asia. The objective of this study was to evaluate mechanized options for dry direct-seeding of rice in terms of the productivity and production costs in rainfed lowlands. In a series of on-farm research trials over 3 years in Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand, we compared seeding by seed drills mounted on two-wheel tractors with manual broadcast seeding. Demonstration trials of seed drills and site-specific nutrient management in 2017 with 11 of 26 participating farmers produced 2.50 t ha−1 of grain yield, but unexpected heavy storms forced the other 15 farmers to switch from dry to wet direct-seeding or manual transplanting. The seed drills produced 32% higher grain yield than manual broadcast seeding (3.3 vs. 2.5 t ha−1) in 2014, and 14–24% higher yield (3.3–3.6 vs. 2.9 t ha−1) in 2015. Mechanized seeding enabled seeding rate reduction by 50% in 2014 and by 52–61% in 2015, resulting in lower production costs than with manual seeding. Our results suggest that mechanized dry direct-seeding of rice with improved nutrient management can enhance farmer livelihoods in rainfed environments in northeastern Thailand. This approach can significantly reduce production costs compared with manual transplanting, while maintaining or increasing productivity compared with conventional manual broadcast seeding. Abbreviations: THB: Thai Baht
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机译：旨在减少由于气候变化，提高生产力或克服劳动稀缺导致风险的稻米技术在热带亚洲是重要的。本研究的目的是在雨水低地生产力和生产成本方面评估水稻干燥直接播种的机械化选择。在泰国Ubon Ratchathani省的一系列超过3年的农场研究试验中，我们通过安装在双轮拖拉机上的种子钻头进行比较，手动播放播种。 2017年种子钻头和现场特异性营养管理的示范试验，共26名参与农民产生2.50 T HA-1的粮食产量，但意外的大风暴迫使其他15名农民从干燥到湿直播或手动移植。 。种子钻头在2014年的手动播种播种（3.3与2.5 t HA-1）产生了32％的谷物产量，2015年的产量高出14-24％（3.3-3.6〜2.9吨HA-1）。机械化播种2014年使播种率降低50％，2015年达到52-61％，导致生产成本低于手动播种。我们的研究结果表明，随着营养管理改善的水稻机械化干燥直接播种可以提高泰国东北部的雨水环境中的农民生计。与手动移植相比，这种方法可以显着降低生产成本，同时与传统的手动播种相比保持或提高生产率。缩写：THB：泰铢
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