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首页> 外文OA文献 >Changes in the cerebellar cytoarchitecture of hibernating hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus L. (Mammalia): an immunocytochemical approach
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Changes in the cerebellar cytoarchitecture of hibernating hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus L. (Mammalia): an immunocytochemical approach

机译：冬眠刺猬erinaceusualualusus uperaeus l的大脑细胞建筑的变化。（哺乳动物）：一种免疫细胞化学方法

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Hibernation is an amazing animal strategy to survive when the environmental temperature is very low and food resources are scarce. Successful hibernation requires a variety of complex biological adaptations, in which the brain plays a central regulatory role. Currently, little information is available regarding the morphology and functional activity of specific neurons within the cerebellar cytoarchitecture of hibernating animals. In the present study, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of essential proteins in the cerebellum of a mammalian hibernator (i.e. hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus L.), focusing on (i) Purkinje neurons, the sole output cells of the cerebellar cortex; (ii) selected neurotransmitters involved in hibernation processes; (iii) intracellular calcium homeostasis, considering that calcium is also an important regulator of neurotransmission mechanisms; and (iv) cytoskeletal proteins, involved in maintenance of neuronal shape and axon calibre. Specifically, we studied in situ immunocytochemical changes during the torpor state of hibernation (November–March) versus the activity phase (April–September). We employed different selected markers, i.e. glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67) and postsynaptic glutamate ionotropic receptor GluR2-3, different calcium-binding proteins (i.e. calbindin, parvalbumin and calretinin) and cytoskeletal components (i.e. pNF-H and MAP2). In summary, our data in hibernating animals demonstrated: (i) downregulation of GAD67, indicating loss/changes of synaptic contacts on Purkinje somata and dendrites; (ii) GluR2-3 upregulation in Purkinje neurons, with a drastic decrease of calbindin expression; and (iii) decrease of normal mechanisms regulating intracellular calcium homeostasis. We also found a decrease/modification in the distribution of cytoskeletal proteins, particularly evident for pNF-H. Changes in the functional activity of Purkinje cells were accompanied by some morphological dendrite alterations, signs of degeneration in cell somata and flattened basket pinceaux at the Purkinje axon hillock. These findings confirm that hibernation makes heterothermic animals a valuable model to study physiological adaptations to adverse conditions, and also for understanding cellular and molecular mechanisms aimed at preserving mammalian organs from full degeneration and death.
机译：冬眠是一种惊人的动物策略，在环境温度非常低，食物资源稀缺时。成功的冬眠需要各种复杂的生物适应，其中大脑在中央监管作用。目前，关于冬眠动物的小脑细胞结构内的特异性神经元的形态和功能活性的信息很少。在本研究中，我们研究了哺乳动物冬二嵌杆菌的小脑中必需蛋白的免疫组织化学表达（即刺猬erinaceuseuropaeus L.），重点关注（i）purkinje神经元，小脑皮质的唯一输出细胞; （ii）选定涉及休眠过程的神经递质; （iii）考虑到钙的细胞内钙稳态也是神经递质机制的重要调节因子; （iv）细胞骨架蛋白，参与了神经元形状和轴突口径的维护。具体而言，我们在休眠期间（11​​月至3月）与活动阶段（4月至9月）进行了刺痛状态期间的原位免疫细胞化学变化。我们使用不同的选定标记，即谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD67）和突触后谷氨酸离子素受体GLUR2-3，不同的钙结合蛋白（即CALBINDIN，PALVALBUAMIN和CALRETININ）和细胞骨架组分（即PNF-H和MAP2）。总之，我们在冬眠动物中的数据证明：（i）下调GAD67，表明Purkinje Somata和Dendrites上的突触接触的损失/变化; （ii）GluR2-3在Purkinje神经元的上调，Calbindin表达急剧下降; （iii）调节细胞内钙稳态的正常机制的降低。我们还发现在细胞骨架蛋白分布中的减少/修饰，特别是PNF-H的分布。 Purkinje细胞功能活性的变化伴有一些形态的树突改变，在Purkinje Axon Hillock的细胞躯体和扁平的篮子皮斑块中的变性迹象。这些发现证实，冬眠使异母动物能够研究生理适应性的有价值模型，以了解旨在保护哺乳动物器官免受全变性和死亡的细胞和分子机制。

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