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首页> 外文OA文献 >Can farmers mitigate environmental impacts through combined production of food, fuel and feed? A consequential life cycle assessment of integrated mixed crop-livestock system with a green biorefinery
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Can farmers mitigate environmental impacts through combined production of food, fuel and feed? A consequential life cycle assessment of integrated mixed crop-livestock system with a green biorefinery

机译：农民可以通过联合生产食物，燃料和饲料来缓解环境影响吗？一种绿色生物术语综合混合作物 - 畜禽体系的过程生命周期评估

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This study evaluates environmental impacts of an integrated mixed crop-livestock system with a green biorefinery (GBR). System integration included production of feed crops and green biomasses (Sys-I) to meet the demand of a livestock system (Sys-III) and to process green biomasses in a GBR system (Sys-II). Processing of grass-clover to produce feed protein was considered in Sys-II, particularly to substitute the imported soybean meal. Waste generated from the livestock and GBR systems were considered for the conversion to biomethane (Sys-IV). Digestate produced therefrom was assumed to be recirculated back to the farmers' field (Sys-I). A consequential approach of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method was used to evaluate the environmental impacts of a combined production of suckler cow calves (SCC) and Pigs, calculated in terms of their live weight (LW). The functional unit (FU) was a basket of two products "1kgLW-SCC+1kgLW-Pigs", produced at the farm gate. Results obtained per FU were: 19.6kg CO2 eq for carbon footprint; 0.11kg PO4 eq for eutrophication potential, -129MJ eq for non-renewable energy use and -3.9 comparative toxicity units (CTUe) for potential freshwater ecotoxicity. Environmental impact, e.g. greenhouse gas (GHG) emission was primarily due to (i) N2O emission and diesel consumption within Sys-I, (ii) energy input to Sys-II, III and IV, and (iii) methane emission from Sys-III and Sys-IV. Specifically, integrating GBR with the mixed crop-livestock system contributed 4% of the GHG emissions, whilst its products credited 7% of the total impact. Synergies among the different sub-systems showed positive environmental gains for the selected main products. The main effects of the system integration were in the reductions of GHG emissions, fossil fuel consumption, eutrophication potential and freshwater ecotoxicity, compared to a conventional mixed crop-livestock system, without the biogas conversion facility and the GBR.
机译：本研究评估了与绿色生物术（GBR）的集成混合作物 - 牲畜系统的环境影响。系统集成包括饲料作物和绿色生物量（SYS-I）的生产，以满足畜牧系统（SYS-III）的需求，并在GBR系统中加工绿色生物量（SYS-II）。在SYS-II中考虑了用于生产饲料蛋白的草三叶草的加工，特别是替代进口豆粕。考虑从牲畜和GBR系统产生的废物用于转化为生物甲烷（SYS-IV）。假设由此产生的消化物被再循环回农民（SYS-I）。使用改变的生命周期评估方法（LCA）方法来评估Suckler牛犊（SCC）和猪的组合生产的环境影响，以实时重量（LW）计算。功能单元（FU）是一篮子在农场门生产的“1kglw-scc + 1kglw-pigs”篮子。每夫获得的结果为：19.6kg CO2碳占状物的碳粉; 0.11kg PO4方程为富营养化潜力，-129MJ方程为非可再生能源使用和-3.9个对比毒性单位（CTUE），用于潜在的淡水生态毒性。环境影响，例如，温室气体（GHG）发射主要是由于（I）在SYS-I，（II）能源输入到SYS-II，III和IV的能量输入和（III）来自SYS-III和SYS-的甲烷排放的（I）的N2O发射和柴油消耗IV。具体而言，将GBR与混合的作物 - 牲畜系统集成贡献了4％的温室气体排放，同时其产品归功于总影响的7％。不同子系统之间的协同作用显示出选定的主要产品的肯定环境收益。与传统的混合作物 - 牲畜系统相比，系统集成的主要效果在减少温室气体排放，化石燃料消耗，富营养化潜力和淡水生态毒性。没有沼气转换设施和GBR。

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