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Development of simplified WQIs for assessment of spatial and temporal variations of surface water quality in upper Damodar river basin, eastern India

机译：中印度河河流域地表水质空间和时间变化的简化WQIS的发展

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Abstract In this study, four surface water quality datasets of upper Damodar river basin (DRB) covering three seasons; pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon and annual, for years 2007–2010 were generated by analyzing 280 grab water samples. Each dataset consist of water quality constituents of 35 monitoring stations and sample of each station was evaluated by 17 critical parameters (total 4760 observations). Furthermore, each dataset was treated using six water quality indices (WQIs): four developed simplified indices (WQIm, WQImin, WQIDO, and WQIpca) and two existing extended indices (WQIobj and WQIsub), to assess spatiotemporal variations and suitability for human use and aquatic life. Results revealed that developed indices show on an average similar spatiotemporal variations as compared to WQIobj at a lower analytical cost at most of sampling sites comes under good to medium categories of water quality. Geographical information system (GIS) technique was also used for generation of temporal pollution potential maps of DRB. Consequently, this study also presents the necessity and usefulness of developed indices over extended indices especially for the developing countries, because the cost of monitoring and expenses associated with the implementation is less compared to extended methods and generated maps may also facilitate the decision-making processes under various scenarios considering spatial and temporal variability in DRB.
机译：摘要在本研究中，四个地表水质数据集的上层河流域（DRB）覆盖三季;通过分析280次抓取水样来产生季风前季隆，季风，季风和年度，年代季度和年度年度季度和年度年度季度季度和年度季度季度季度季度和年度季度季度季度和年度季度季度季度季度季度季度季度和年度季度季度季度季度和年度季度季度季度季度季度季全相同于2007 - 2010年生成。每个数据集由35个监测站的水质成分组成，并通过17个关键参数评估每个站的样品（总共4760个观察）。此外，每个数据集使用六个水质指数（WQIS）处理：四个简化的指数（WQIM，WQIMIN，WQIDO和WQIPCA）以及两个现有的扩展指数（WQIOBJ和WQISUB），以评估时尚的变化和人类使用适合性水生生命。结果表明，与WQIOBJ以较低的分析成本相比，开发的指数显示平均类似的时空变化，在大多数抽样场地都符合中等水质的良好。地理信息系统（GIS）技术也用于产生DRB的时间污染潜在地图。因此，本研究还提出了特别适用于发展中国家的扩展指数的必要性和有用性，因为与实施相关的监测费用与扩展方法相比，生成的地图也可能促进决策过程在各种场景下，考虑到DRB中的空间和时间变异性。

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