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Longitudinal Physical Development of Future Professional Male Soccer Players: Implications for Talent Identification and Development?

机译：未来专业男性足球运动员的纵向体育发展：对人才识别和发展的影响？

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The present study examined if elite youth male association football (soccer) players aged 8–19 y (n = 2,875) from the English talent development system, who ultimately achieved professional status differed in stature, body mass, and physical performance (20-m sprint speed, slalom agility speed, vertical counter-movement jump with arm swing jump height, multistage fitness test distance) compared with their non-professional peers. The study also examined the longitudinal pattern of development of stature, body mass, and physical performance, and if this was different between future professionals and non-professionals, while considering the effects of playing position. Multilevel modeling of the 8,898 individual (player-occasion) data points suggested that from age 12.0, the future professionals performed better in a vertical counter-movement jump with arm swing test and slalom agility test than future non-professionals, and improved at a faster rate, so that by age 18.0 the differences in vertical counter-movement jump with arm swing and slalom agility performance were 1.7 cm (p < 0.001, d = 0.3) and 0.14 s (p < 0.001, d = 0.5), respectively. In addition, future professionals were faster (by 0.02–0.04 s on the 20-m sprint, p < 0.001, d = 0.2) and ran further in the multistage fitness test (by 47 m, p = 0.014, d = 0.2) than future non-professionals throughout their development, but there were no differences in stature or body mass during development between the groups. Whereas, multistage fitness test performance improved linearly with age, the development of all other physical characteristics was non-linear. There were inter-individual differences in the development of all characteristics, and there were differences between playing positions in the development of all characteristics. Thus, in summary, future professionals jump higher, are more agile, faster, and more endurance fit than future non-professionals as they age, and the pattern of development is different in professionals and non-professionals for vertical jumping and slalom agility performance.
机译：本研究审查，如果青年精英男性足球协会（足球）年龄8-19 Y（N = 2875）从英语人才开发体系，谁最终取得了身形，体重不同专业地位和物理性能（20米的球员冲刺速度，敏捷回转速度，垂直计数器运动跳跃与自己非专业的同行相比挥臂跳跃高度，多级体能测试距离）。研究也分析了身材的发育，体重和物理性能的纵向模式，如果这是未来的专业人士和非专业人士之间的不同，同时考虑打位置的影响。在8898个人（球员场合）的数据点的多层次建模表明，从12.0岁，未来的专业人士在摆臂测试和绕桩灵敏测试垂直计数器运动跳得比未来的非专业人士表现较好，并以更快的提高率，以使由18.0年龄在摆臂和回转敏捷性能垂直计数器运动跳跃的差异分别为1.7厘米（p <0.001，d = 0.3）和0.14 S（p <0.001，d = 0.5），。另外，未来的专业人士是更快（在20μm的冲刺通过0.02-0.04 S，P <0.001，d = 0.2）并且在多级健身测试跑进一步（47 M，P = 0.014，d = 0.2）比未来的非专业人士在他们的发展，但也有群体之间发展过程中的地位或体重没有差异。然而，多级体能测试的性能随着年龄的增长呈线性提高，所有其他的物理特性的发展是非线性的。有在所有发展特点的个体间的差异，并有在的所有特性的发展中发挥位置之间的差异。因此，总而言之，未来的专业人士跳得更高，更灵活，更快，更强的续航能力配合比未来的非专业人士，因为他们的年龄和发展的模式是在专业人士和非专业人士的垂直跳跃和回转敏捷的性能不同。

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