Stable water isotopologues, mainly ^1H_2O, ^1H^2HO (HDO), and ^1H_2ud^(18)O, are useful tracers for processes in the global hydrologicaludcycle. The incorporation of water isotopes into Atmospheric General Circulation Models (AGCMs) since 1984 has helped scientistsudgain substantial new insights into our present and past climate. In recent years, there have been several significant advances in waterudisotopes modeling in AGCMs. This paper reviews and synthesizes key advances accomplished in modeling (1) surface evaporation,ud(2) condensation, (3) supersaturation, (4) postcondensation processes, (5) vertical distribution of water isotopes, and (6) spatial δ^(18)O-temperature slope and utilizing (1) spectral nudging technique, (2) higher model resolutions, and (3) coupled atmosphere-oceanudmodels. It also reviews model validation through comparisons of model outputs and ground-based and spaceborneudmeasurements. In the end, it identifies knowledge gaps and discusses future prospects of modeling and model validation.ud
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机译：稳定的水同位素，主要是^ 1H_2O，^ 1H ^ 2HO（HDO）和^ 1H_2 ud ^（18）O，是全球水文 udcycle过程中有用的示踪剂。自1984年以来，将水同位素纳入大气总循环模型（AGCM）已帮助科学家获得了对我们目前和过去气候的实质性新见解。近年来，AGCM中水同位素的建模取得了一些重大进展。本文回顾并综合了在建模（1）表面蒸发， ud（2）冷凝，（3）过饱和，（4）后冷凝过程，（5）水同位素的垂直分布以及（6）空间δ^ （18）O温度斜率，并利用（1）频谱微调技术，（2）更高的模型分辨率和（3）耦合的大气-海洋 udmodel。它还通过比较模型输出与地面和星载测绘的比较来审查模型验证。最后，它确定了知识差距并讨论了建模和模型验证的未来前景。 ud
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