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Investigating the Performance of OKRA - Natural Mucilage Compounds as Flow Improver in Pipelines Carrying Liquid – Solid Solution

机译：研究OKRA-天然黏性化合物在液体-固溶体管道中作为流动改进剂的性能

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摘要

During the transportation of liquids through pipelines, most of the pumping power will be lost or dissipated due to the turbulent mode these liquid are transported within. The addition of viscoelastic polymeric additives to the main flow inside the pipeline was one of the common solutions for such problem. Most of these additives (polymers) are artificial and not environmentally friendly and it can cause dramatic changes in the apparent physical properties of the transported liquid. The present work introduces a new soluble and environmentally friendly drag reducing agent extracted from the okra pods. Also, the present work introduces two, new insoluble drag reducing agents from natural resources (paddy husk and coconut meat husk). In order to achieve the objectives of this study, an experimental rig consists of different pipe diameters at 0.0127, 0.025 and 0.038 m internal diameter (ID) and section length at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 m of galvanized iron pipes was built as closed loop circulation system. The particle size of suspended fibers (500 and 800 µm) was prepared using Fritsch Sieve Analysis System technique to enhance the contribution of the findings. The concentrations for suspended fibers are 100, 300 and 500 ppm and okra mucilage concentration at 100, 300, 500, 700 and 1000 ppm. From the drag reduction analysis, the okra-natural mucilage achieved 71 % drag reduction operated at Re equal to 11788 in pipe size equal to 0.0127 m ID at 1.5 m testing length, at 1000 ppm concentration and based on this results, okra-natural mucilage was marked as an efficient drag reducing agent compared to the suspended fibers. Besides, the suspended fibers named paddy husk fibers shows excellent performance as drag reducer which the maximum drag reduction achieved is 32 % operated at Re equal to 35363, particle size at 500 µm, concentration at 500 ppm while coconut meat fibers capable to reduce the drag up to 42 % operated at Re equal to 35363, at the same concentration and particle size of paddy husk fibers. These results take place in pipe diameter of 0.025 m and at 1 m testing length. The combination of okra-natural mucilage at 1000 ppm with paddy husk and coconut meat fibers at the optimum condition (particle size 500 µm, concentration 500 ppm) have produce the 60% and 43% drag reduction at Re equal to 11788 for coconut meat fibers and Re equal to 35363 for coconut meat husk in pipe size equal to 0.0127 m ID at 1.5 m testing length. The highest drag reduction percentage achieved in this research is 71% which means about 71% of power saving could be achieved. The formation of long carbon chain in natural polymers and interaction of fibers suspension among themselves in turbulent flow were identified as sources of drag reduction to occur. The statistical drag reduction correlation was modelled with experimental data using STATISTICA software. As a conclusion, new environmentally friendly drag reducing agents were successfully introduced to replace the existing additives used commercially and its effectiveness was proven in improving the flow.
机译：在通过管道输送液体的过程中，由于在其中输送液体的湍流模式，大部分泵浦功率将损失或消散。将粘弹性聚合物添加剂添加到管道内部的主流中是解决该问题的常见解决方案之一。这些添加剂（聚合物）中的大多数是人造的，对环境不友好，会导致所输送液体的表观物理性质发生巨大变化。本工作介绍了一种从秋葵荚中提取的新型可溶且环保的减阻剂。此外，本工作还介绍了两种来自自然资源（稻壳和椰子肉壳）的新型不溶性减阻剂。为了达到本研究的目的，实验设备包括内径（ID）为0.0127、0.025和0.038 m的不同管径，并在封闭状态下建造了镀锌铁管的截面长度分别为0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0 m循环循环系统。使用Fritsch Sieve分析系统技术制备了悬浮纤维（500和800 µm）的粒径，以增强发现的贡献。悬浮纤维的浓度为100、300和500 ppm，秋葵的粘液浓度为100、300、500、700和1000 ppm。通过减阻分析，在1000 m的浓度下，浓度为1000 ppm时，在1.5 m的测试长度下，等于0.0127 m ID的管道尺寸，Re等于11788时，黄秋葵天然粘液实现了71％的减阻作用，基于此结果，黄秋葵天然粘液与悬浮的纤维相比，“抗氧化剂”被标记为有效的减阻剂。此外，被称为稻壳纤维的悬浮纤维作为减阻剂表现出优异的性能，在Re等于35363时，最大减阻率为32％，粒径为500 µm，浓度为500 ppm，而椰子肉纤维则能够降低阻力在稻壳纤维的相同浓度和粒径下，高达42％的Re在等于35363的条件下运行。这些结果发生在管道直径为0.025 m且测试长度为1 m的情况下。在最佳条件下（颗粒尺寸500 µm，浓度500 ppm），以1000 ppm的黄秋葵天然粘液与稻壳和椰子肉纤维的结合使用时，椰子肉纤维的Re降低了11％，分别降低了60％和43％对于椰子肉皮，在1.5 m的测试长度下，其烟管尺寸等于0.0127 m ID的Re等于35363。这项研究中实现的最高减阻百分比是71％，这意味着可以实现约71％的节能。天然聚合物中长碳链的形成以及湍流中纤维悬浮体之间的相互作用被确定为减阻发生的来源。使用STATISTICA软件用实验数据对统计的减阻相关性进行建模。结论是，成功引入了新的环保减阻剂以替代商业上使用的现有添加剂，其有效性在改善流动性方面得到了证明。

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    Mohd Azimie Ahmad;

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  • 年度 2012
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