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Development and evaluation of a specialized task taxonomy for spatial planning – A map literacy experiment with topographic maps

机译：开发和评估空间规划专业任务分类 - 具有地形图的地图扫盲实验

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摘要

Topographic maps are among the most commonly used map types, however, their complex and information-rich designs depicting natural, human-made and cultural features make them difficult to read. Regardless of their complexity, spatial planners make extensive use of topographic maps in their work. On the other hand, various studies suggest that map literacy among the development planning pro- fessionals in South Africa is not very high. The widespread use of topographic maps combined with the low levels of map literacy presents challenges for effective development planning. In this paper we address some of these challenges by developing a specialized task taxonomy based on systematically assessed map literacy levels; and conducting an empirical experiment with topographic maps to evaluate our task taxonomy. In such empirical studies if non-realistic tasks are used, the results of map literacy tests may be skewed. Furthermore, experience and familiarity with the studied map type play a role in map literacy. There is thus a need to develop map literacy tests aimed at planners specifically. We developed a taxonomy of realistic map reading tasks typically executed during the planning process. The taxonomy defines six levels tasks of increasing difficulty and complexity, ranging from recognising symbols to extracting knowledge. We hypothesized that competence in the first four levels indicates functional map literacy. In this paper, we present results from an empirical experiment with 49 map lit- erate participants solving a subset of tasks from the first four levels of the taxonomy with a topographic map. Our findings suggest that the proposed taxonomy is a good reference for evaluating topographic map literacy. Participants solved the tasks on all four levels as expected and we therefore conclude that the experiment based on the first four levels of the taxonomy successfully determined the functional map literacy of the participants. We plan to continue the study for the remaining levels, repeat the experiments with a group of map illiterate participants to confirm that the taxonomy can also be used to determine map illiteracy.
机译：地形图是最常用的地图类型，然而，他们的复杂和信息丰富的设计描绘了自然，人为所制作和文化特征使它们难以阅读。无论他们的复杂性如何，空间规划人员都在他们的工作中广泛使用地形图。另一方面，各种研究表明，南非发展规划的地图识字件在南非的发展方面并不高。地形图的广泛使用与低水平的地图素养相结合呈现出有效发展规划的挑战。在本文中，我们通过基于系统评估的地图识字水平开发专门的任务分类法来解决一些这些挑战;并进行地形图进行实证实验，以评估我们的任务分类。在这样的经验研究中，如果使用非现实任务，地图识字率测试的结果可能是倾斜的。此外，对研究的地图类型的经验和熟悉程度在地图识字中发挥作用。因此，需要开发针对规划者的地图识字测试。我们开发了一种现实地图读取任务的分类，通常在规划过程中执行。分类法定义了六个级别的难度和复杂性的任务，从识别符号来提取知识的范围。我们假设前四个级别的能力表明了功能性地图识字。在本文中，我们提出了一个实证实验的结果，其中49张映射阐明了与地形图的第一个四个级别的任务子集的参与者。我们的研究结果表明，拟议的分类物是评估地形图扫盲的一个很好的参考。与会者按预期解决所有四个级别的任务，因此得出结论，基于分类学的前四个级别的实验成功地确定了参与者的功能地图识字率。我们计划继续研究剩余的水平，重复一组地图文盲参与者的实验，以确认分类法也可用于确定地图文盲。

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