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X-Ray and Mössbauer Study of Magnetic Black and from Mayotte Island

机译：磁黑的X射线和Mössbauer研究以及来自马约特岛

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Natural magnetic black sands are known from several sites often located in areas of volcanic origin. Their elemental and mineral composition provides information on the geology of their territory and depends on several factors occurred during their formation. A sample of black sand was collected on the seashore of the island of Mayotte in the Indian Ocean and its magnetic part was investigated by means of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Mössbauer spectroscopy at room temperature. The mineral composition is dominantly magnetite, in good agreement with samples collected in other sites of volcanic origin. Contrary to pure magnetite, a relevant fraction of Ti was detected by EDS. The 16% Ti and 1% Mn content increase the magnetite lattice parameter to 8.4312 (25) Å. The broadening of XRD lines pointed towards a significant degree of disorder. This was confirmed by Mössbauer spectroscopy and is attributed to the presence of Ti replacing Fe in the magnetite lattice. The presence of Ti modifies the local magnetic field on the Fe sites, leading to a broader and more complex Mössbauer transmission spectrum with respect to the one of pure magnetite. To study the effect of temperature, samples were heated for 12 hours to 600˚C and 800˚C in argon and to 1000˚C in air. Annealing in argon did not improve the crystallinity while annealing in air caused a complete decomposition of magnetite into hematite and pseudobrookite.
机译：从通常位于火山起源地区的几个地点已知天然磁性黑砂。它们的元素和矿物成分提供了有关其领土的地质信息，并取决于其形成过程中发生的几个因素。在印度洋马约特岛的海岸上收集了黑沙样品，并通过能量色散X射线光谱（EDS），粉末X射线衍射（XRD）和Mössbauer光谱研究了其磁性部分在室温下。矿物成分主要是磁铁矿，这与在其他火山成因地点采集的样品非常吻合。与纯磁铁矿相反，EDS检测到了相关的Ti。 16％的Ti和1％的Mn含量将磁铁矿晶格参数提高到8.4312（25）Å。 XRD线的拓宽表明存在很大程度的混乱。穆斯堡尔光谱法证实了这一点，这归因于磁铁矿晶格中存在Ti代替Fe。 Ti的存在改变了Fe部位的局部磁场，从而导致相对于纯磁铁矿之一的Mössbauer传输光谱更广泛，更复杂。为了研究温度的影响，将样品在氩气中分别加热至600°C和800°C 12小时，在空气中加热至1000°C。氩气退火不能改善结晶度，而在空气中退火会使磁铁矿完全分解成赤铁矿和假板钛矿。

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