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The economic contribution of whalewatching to regional economies: Perspectives from two National Marine Sanctuaries

机译：赏鲸对区域经济的经济贡献：来自两个国家海洋保护区的观点

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Whenever human beings have looked out on the sea, they have seen whales. First from the shore and later from ships when humanity entered the ocean realm as seafarers, we haveudresponded to seeing these creatures with awe and wonder. Even when we hunted whales, a period well chronicled both in history and in literature, the sight of a whale brought an adrenaline rush that was not totally linked to potential economic gain. The first trips on boats specificallyudto watch, rather than hunt, whales began around 45 years ago in Southern California where the migrating gray whales, seen in the distance from land, drew vessels out for a closer look. Since that time whalewatching has boomed, currently conducted in over 40 countries around the world,udincluding Antarctica, and estimated by economists at the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society to have a 1999 worldwide economic value of around $800 million USD. The economic contribution to local coastal communities is particularly significant in developing countries andudthose where declining fish populations (and in some cases like the Japanese, international bans on whaling) have driven harvesters to look for viable alternatives. Clearly, whalewatching is now, in many places around the world, a small but thriving part of the regional economy. Like in theuddays of whaling, we still get the rush, but for some, money is back contributing to the physiological response. (PDF contains 90 pages.)

机译：每当人类在海上眺望时，他们都会看到鲸鱼。当人类以海员身份进入海洋领域时，我们首先是从海岸开始，然后是从船上，我们对看到这些具有敬畏和惊奇的生物感到不以为然。即使我们猎捕鲸鱼，这个历史在历史和文学上都已被很好地记载，鲸鱼的景象带来了肾上腺素激增，这与潜在的经济收益并不完全相关。大约在45年前，鲸鱼开始了专门的航行，而不是狩猎，而是在南加州开始的。在那儿，从陆地上望去，正在迁移的灰鲸将船只拉近看。从那时起，赏鲸活动蓬勃发展，目前在包括南极洲在内的40多个国家/地区进行，据鲸鱼和海豚保护协会的经济学家估计，1999年全世界的经济价值约为8亿美元。对发展中国家和沿海地区的当地沿海社区的经济贡献尤其重要，因为那里的鱼类种群数量下降（在某些情况下，例如日本，国际上禁止捕鲸），促使收割者寻找可行的替代品。显然，如今，在世界许多地方，赏鲸活动只是该地区经济中很小但很繁荣的部分。就像在捕鲸的今天一样，我们仍然很着急，但是对于某些人来说，金钱又回到了生理反应中。（PDF包含90页。）

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Barr Brad; Utech Dan; Hoagland Porter; Meeks Andrew e.;
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The economic contribution of whalewatching to regional economies: Perspectives from two National Marine Sanctuaries

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