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首页> 外文OA文献 >Highly efficient separation of rare earths from nickel and cobalt by solvent extraction with the ionic liquid trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium nitrate: process relevant to the recycling of rare earths from permanent magnets and nickel metal hydride batteries
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Highly efficient separation of rare earths from nickel and cobalt by solvent extraction with the ionic liquid trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium nitrate: process relevant to the recycling of rare earths from permanent magnets and nickel metal hydride batteries

机译：通过离子液体硝酸三己基（十四烷基）phosph的溶剂萃取，高效分离镍和钴中的稀土：与从永磁体和镍金属氢化物电池回收稀土有关的工艺

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A solvent extraction process with the ionic liquid trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium nitrate has been developed to extract rare earths and separate them from nickel or cobalt. The process is environmentally friendlier than traditional solvent extraction processes, since no volatile and flammable diluents have to be used. Compared to conventional ionic liquid metal extraction systems, the advantage of using the new ionic liquid is that expensive and persistent fluorinated ionic liquids can be avoided. The ionic liquid can be prepared by a simple metathesis reaction from the commercially available ionic liquid trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride (Cyphos IL 101). The extraction is facilitated by an inner salting-out effect of a highly concentrated metal nitrate aqueous phase. Feed solutions containing 164 g L−1 cobalt(II) and 84 g L−1 samarium(III), or 251 g L−1 nickel(II) and 61 g L−1 lanthanum(III) were tested. Percentage extractions of more than 99% were obtained for the rare earths and after a subsequent scrubbing step, the purity of the rare earth in the loaded ionic liquid phase was 99.9%. Complete stripping and regeneration of the ionic liquid could be performed using no chemicals other than pure water. Special attention was paid to the viscosity of the loaded ionic liquid phase and the kinetics of the extraction process, because the high viscosity and the slow mass transfer are the reasons why non-fluorinated ionic liquids have always been diluted in the past with conventional hydrophobic organic solvents such as kerosene, toluene or chloroform. The extraction mechanism of the rare earths samarium and lanthanum was studied and it was shown that different anionic complexes are formed. Lanthanum(III) is extracted at maximal loading via the hexakis anionic complex [La(NO3)6]3−, whereas samarium(III) is extracted at maximal loading via the pentakis anionic complex [Sm(NO3)5]2−. The difference in electrical charge of the anions has a pronounced effect on the viscosity of the ionic liquid phases. The separation of lanthanum and samarium from nickel or cobalt, out of highly concentrated metal salt solutions by solvent extraction, is of importance for the recycling samarium–cobalt permanent magnets or nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries.
机译：已经开发出使用离子液体硝酸三己基（十四烷基）phosph的溶剂萃取工艺，以萃取稀土并将其与镍或钴分离。与传统的溶剂萃取工艺相比，该工艺对环境友好，因为无需使用挥发性和易燃的稀释剂。与传统的离子液体金属萃取系统相比，使用新型离子液体的优势在于可以避免昂贵且持久的氟化离子液体。离子液体可以通过简单的复分解反应从市售的离子液体氯化三己基（十四烷基）phosph（Cyphos IL 101）制备。高浓度的金属硝酸盐水相的内盐析作用促进了萃取。测试了包含164 g L-1钴（II）和84 g L-1 sa（III）或251 g L-1镍（II）和61 g L-1镧（III）的进料溶液。稀土的萃取率超过99％，在随后的洗涤步骤之后，负载离子液体相中稀土的纯度为99.9％。除纯水外，不使用其他化学物质即可完成离子液体的完全汽提和再生。特别要注意负载的离子液体相的粘度和萃取过程的动力学，因为高粘度和缓慢的传质是非氟化离子液体过去总是用常规疏水性有机物稀释的原因。溶剂，如煤油，甲苯或氯仿。研究了稀土sa和镧的萃取机理，结果表明形成了不同的阴离子配合物。镧（III）以最大负载量通过六价阴离子络合物[La（NO3）6] 3-提取，而sa（III）以最大负载量通过五价阴离子络合物[Sm（NO3）5] 2-提取。阴离子的电荷差异对离子液相的粘度具有显着影响。通过溶剂萃取将镍和钴中的镧和mar从高浓度金属盐溶液中分离出来，对于回收–钴永磁体或镍氢（NiMH）电池非常重要。

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