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The interaction among the regulation of new plant breeding techniques, GMO labeling, and coexistence and segregation costs: the case of rapeseed in the EU

机译：新植物育种技术法规，转基因生物标签以及共存和隔离成本之间的相互作用：以欧洲油菜籽为例

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摘要

We analyze the market and welfare effects of regulating crops derived by New Plant Breeding Techniques (NPBTs) as genetically modified (GM) or conventional products. We consider the EU mandatory scheme for labeling GM products and a voluntary non-GM scheme for labeling livestock products derived from non-GM feed. We develop a partial equilbrium model that explicitly takes into account both the coexistence costs at farm-level and the segregation and identity preservation costs at downstream level. By applying the model to EU rapeseed, we find that regulating NPBTs as GM (as compared to non-GM) in combination with mandatory and voluntary labeling increases prices and makes consumers overall worse off and producers better off. We also show that higher coexistence costs make the price increasing effect even stronger. Voluntary non-GM labeling applied to feed makes consumers in this sector overall worse off but benefits farmers and rapeseed oil consumers overall as long as segregation costs are low. Consumers of biodiesel and industrial products such as lubricants produced from GM rapeseed benefit from high segregation costs. We show that the effects of farm-level coexistence costs largely differ from the effects of downstream market segregation costs.
机译：我们分析了通过新植物育种技术（NPBT）作为转基因（GM）或常规产品获得的调节作物的市场和福利效应。我们考虑了欧盟对转基因产品加标签的强制性计划和对非转基因饲料中的牲畜产品加标签的自愿性非转基因计划。我们开发了部分平衡模型，该模型明确考虑了农场级别的共存成本和下游级别的隔离和身份保存成本。通过将模型应用于欧盟油菜籽，我们发现将NPBT规范为转基因（与非转基因相比）与强制性和自愿性标签相结合会提高价格，并使消费者的整体状况恶化，生产者的境况更好。我们还表明，更高的共存成本使价格上涨的效果更强。饲料上自愿使用的非转基因标签使该部门的消费者整体情况恶化，但只要隔离成本很低，总体上会使农民和菜籽油消费者受益。转基因油菜籽生产的生物柴油和工业产品（例如润滑剂）的消费者受益于高分离成本。我们表明，农场一级共存成本的影响与下游市场隔离成本的影响大不相同。

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