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A review of conventional and emerging process technologies for the recovery of helium from natural gas

机译：从天然气中回收氦气的常规和新兴工艺技术综述

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摘要

Helium is a unique gas with a wide range of important medical, scientific and industrial applications based on heliumu27s extremely low boiling temperature, inert and non-flammable nature and small molecular size. The only practical sources of helium are from certain natural gas (NG) fields. As world demand for helium rapidly increases, the value of NG fields that contain it even in very small amounts is likely to rise significantly if the helium can be recovered efficiently. However, recovering the helium from the NG using conventional cryogenic distillation processes is expensive and energy intensive. We review the scope for improving the efficiency of the conventional helium recovery and upgrade processes, and evaluate the potential of emerging technologies based on adsorption or membrane separations for helium upgrade and purification. Helium recovery and purification processes are comparable in many ways with systems designed for hydrogen purification and thus, many of recent technological advances for H-2 separation from CH4, N-2 and CO2 may be applicable to a helium recovery process. Furthermore, some recent patents and pilot plant studies indicate there exist several opportunities for the development of advanced materials, such as helium-selective adsorbents, and optimized process operations for the recovery of helium from NG.
机译：氦气具有极低的沸腾温度，惰性和不可燃性以及小分子尺寸，是一种独特的气体，具有广泛的重要医学，科学和工业应用前景。氦的唯一实际来源来自某些天然气（NG）场。随着世界对氦气的需求迅速增加，如果可以有效地回收氦气，即使含有非常少量的NG场，其价值也可能显着增加。但是，使用常规的低温蒸馏方法从天然气中回收氦气既昂贵又耗能。我们回顾了提高常规氦气回收和升级过程效率的范围，并评估了基于吸附或膜分离技术进行氦气升级和纯化的新兴技术的潜力。氦气的回收和纯化过程在许多方面都可与为氢纯化设计的系统相媲美，因此，从CH4，N-2和CO2中分离H-2的许多最新技术进展可能适用于氦气回收过程。此外，一些最新的专利和中试工厂研究表明，存在开发高级材料（例如氦选择性吸附剂）和优化工艺操作以从NG回收氦气的机会。

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