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The Cultural Evolution of Tort Law

机译：侵权法的文化演进

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THE CULTURAL EVOLUTION OF TORT LAW* Abstract The Institutes of Justinian and other Greco-Roman recitations of tort-type delicts and remedies are recognized as root stock of modern western tort law, common law or civil code-based alike. Long before these sources, however, both ancient and primitive cultures adopted norms and customs which defined permissible individual and group conduct, and which provided for remedies ranging from money damages to banishment. Among the surveyed examples of ancient cultural responses to tort-type delicts were numerous instances in which both the civil wrong identified and the remedy provided for can be harmonized readily with modern tort law, whether it is practiced in common law or civil code nations or throughout the world. A broad range of such examples can be found not only in the nations or regions in which such norms obtained, but also in their specific subject areas: pubic nuisance, manslaughter, assault, trespass, conversion, negligence, strict liability, deceit, and defamation. Indeed, a review of ancient tort-type law dispels any Euro-centric claim that western Europeans led in the conception and nurturance of tort principles at any point in history.
机译：侵权法的文化演变*摘要贾斯汀尼学会和其他希腊罗马人对侵权式违法和救济的叙述被认为是现代西方侵权法，普通法或基于民法典的根本。然而，早在这些来源之前，古代和原始文化都采用规范和习俗，这些规范和习俗定义了允许的个人和团体行为，并规定了从金钱损失到放逐的补救措施。在所调查的古代文化对侵权行为的回应中，有很多例子表明，无论是在普通法系国家还是在民法典国家或整个国家实践的，确定的民事错误和所提供的补救措施都可以很容易地与现代侵权法相协调。世界。不仅在获得此类规范的国家或地区，而且在其特定主题领域中，都可以找到各种各样的此类示例：公共骚扰，误杀，殴打，侵入，conversion依，过失，严格责任，欺骗和诽谤。确实，对古代侵权法的审查消除了任何以欧洲为中心的说法，即西欧人在历史上的任何时候都领导着侵权原则的概念和培育。

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    Madden Stuart;

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