首页> 外文OA文献 >Etude de la diversité géochimique de la surface de Mars, à partir des données de spectrométrie X de la mission Mars Exploration Rover ; Modélisation de l'altération des roches martiennes
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Etude de la diversité géochimique de la surface de Mars, à partir des données de spectrométrie X de la mission Mars Exploration Rover ; Modélisation de l'altération des roches martiennes

机译:使用来自火星探测漫游者任务的X射线光谱数据研究火星表面的地球化学多样性;火星岩石风化模型

摘要

Since 2004, the twin rovers Spirit and Opportunity of the MER (Mars Exploration Rover) mission have been investigating their respective landing sites at Gusev Crater and Meridiani Planum. This PhD thesis deals with the analysis and the interpretation of the data from the APXS (Alpha-Particle X-ray Spectrometer) instrument located on the robotic arm of each rover and whose role is to determine the chemical composition of Martian rocks and soils by X-ray spectrometry. Thanks to their extraordinary longevity, Spirit and Opportunity have been able to reach distances several km from their initial landing sites and the APXS instruments have analyzed numerous samples, yielding clues about the role that water could have played in the Martian past. In a first time, I chose to investigate this diversity of samples thanks to a multidimensional analysis technique. This allowed me to perform a classification of samples and to highlight the petrogenetic relationships between rocks and soils from Gusev and Meridiani. I will present the main results obtained with this method and their connections with the spatial and stratigraphic organisation of the samples. Then I will show how these results led me to explore a numerical geochemical model of SO3 acid fog alteration of Martian basalts. I will describe the hypotheses of this model before comparing its results with MER data. We will finally see what are the implications about the geology of the sites of Gusev and Meridiani, and more generally about the geological history of Mars and the conditions that prevailed at its surface in the past.
机译:自2004年以来,双体火星探险者号(MER)的“精神与机遇”号一直在调查他们各自在古塞夫火山口和Meridiani Planum的着陆点。本博士论文致力于分析和解释来自每个漫游车机械臂上的APXS(阿尔法粒子X射线光谱仪)仪器的数据,其作用是通过X确定火星岩石和土壤的化学成分射线光谱法。由于它们的超长寿命,“精神与机遇”能够从其最初的着陆点到达几公里的距离,而且APXS仪器已经分析了许多样本,从而提供了有关水在火星过去可能发挥的作用方面的线索。第一次,我选择借助多维分析技术来研究这种样本的多样性。这使我能够对样品进行分类,并突出显示古塞夫和梅里迪亚尼的岩石与土壤之间的岩石成因关系。我将介绍用这种方法获得的主要结果,以及它们与样品的空间和地层结构的联系。然后,我将展示这些结果如何引导我探索火星玄武岩中SO3酸雾蚀变的数值地球化学模型。在将其结果与MER数据进行比较之前,我将描述该模型的假设。我们最终将看到对古塞夫和梅里迪亚尼遗址的地质有什么影响,更笼统地说,对火星的地质历史和过去其表面普遍存在的条件有何影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Tréguier Erwan;

  • 作者单位
  • 年度 2008
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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 fr
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