• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文OA文献 >De la pluralité au pluralisme (sahélien). Conception et expérimentation d'un modèle « orienté-acteurs » de pluralisme de régulation foncière pour le Sahel rural
【2h】

De la pluralité au pluralisme (sahélien). Conception et expérimentation d'un modèle « orienté-acteurs » de pluralisme de régulation foncière pour le Sahel rural

机译：从多元化到多元化（萨赫勒地区）。萨赫勒农村土地调控多元化的“以行为者为导向”模型的设计和试验

页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

In rural Sahel, local populations have been making for centuries dynamic changes to local rules of land use and management to reduce uncertainty centred on the scarcity and the impossibility to forecast Sahelian resources. In parallel to these already complex local regulations, the official regulations set up by Sahelian States, which do not recognize the existing local ones, have used approaches inspired from Western policies strongly different from these local regulation contexts. This is in peculiar the case for the land tenure policies, which are based on land tenure and ownership framework so far away from the land regulation Sahelian frameworks that they have not succeeded in replacing them. The pluralism of land regulation resulting from this complex land tenure situation is an informal but lasting feature, continuously adapting to the different climatic and economic constraints and uncertainties of the Sahelian environment. This doctoral thesis argues that this pluralism of land regulation remains a constant feature in rural Sahel because it is meaningful for Sahelian actors who define and implement it. Rather than abandoning their practices and exclusively adopt the new land tenure policies set up successively, local populations have added these land tenure policies to their pre-existing sources of regulation. A complex situation has emerged in which stakeholders mobilise—according to their needs and diverse perspectives - the different sources of regulation that they consider are available to them: the basis of local regulation, present official regulations and even previous official regulations that are now obsolete. Established local interactions between social and ecological dynamics for the need to access (and secure access) to the different land resources participate in legitimating different land regulation sources at the macro-level of a Sahelian territory. The pluralism of regulation observed in Sahel therefore results from the gathering of this diversity of perspectives - and therefore of land practices - in space and time. The present research develops a “stakeholder-oriented” conceptual framework to help formalizing and better understanding the complexity of this pluralism of land regulation. The conceptual framework is built following the multidisciplinary and exploratory basics of a Companion Modelling approach. The conceptualization is therefore progressive and iterative based on a combination between a theoretical framework – combining Sahelian land tenure socio-anthropology with the concept of socio-ecological system - field experiment, modelling tests, and finally participatory (via a role playing-game) and agent-based simulation experiment. The field experiment is conducted in Senegal, a Sahelian country highlighting this land regulation pluralism issue. Wondering what place a pluralism of land regulation should or could have in the future of Sahelian land tenure policies begins by allowing the dialogue between a plurality of perspectives on the meaning of this concept. A choice of framework allowing the expression and understanding of a plurality of perspectives can help opening the discussion with various circles of actors (of Western as of Sahelian countries) who might take an interest in this question.
机译：在萨赫勒农村地区，几个世纪以来，当地居民一直在对当地的土地使用和管理规则进行动态变化，以减少由于稀缺性和无法预测萨赫勒资源而引起的不确定性。与这些已经很复杂的地方法规并行的是，萨赫勒地区国家制定的官方法规（不承认现有的地方法规）采用了受西方政策启发的方法，这些方法与这些地方法规的情况大不相同。土地使用权政策的情况尤为如此，因为该政策以土地使用权和所有权框架为基础，与萨赫勒地区土地法规框架相距甚远，因此未能成功取代它们。这种复杂的土地使用权状况导致的土地管制多元化是一种非正式但持久的特征，不断适应萨赫勒地区不同的气候和经济限制以及不确定性。该博士论文认为，土地管制的这种多样性在萨赫勒农村地区一直是一个不变的特征，因为这对于定义和实施土地管制的萨赫勒行动者是有意义的。当地居民并没有放弃他们的做法，而只采用了相继建立的新的土地使用权政策，而是将这些土地使用权政策添加到了他们先前的法规资源中。出现了一个复杂的情况，利益相关者根据他们的需求和不同的观点动员起来，他们认为他们可以使用不同的法规来源：当地法规的基础，现行的官方法规，甚至以前已经过时的官方法规。为获取（和安全获取）不同土地资源的需要而在社会和生态动力学之间建立起了局部互动关系，从而使萨赫勒地区宏观层面的不同土地法规来源合法化。因此，萨赫勒地区观察到的管制的多元化是由于在空间和时间上这种观点的多样性以及土地实践的多样性而产生的。本研究开发了一个“面向利益相关者”的概念框架，以帮助形式化和更好地理解这种土地管制多元化的复杂性。概念框架是建立在同伴建模方法的多学科和探索性基础之上的。因此，概念化是基于理论框架（结合萨赫勒土地使用权的社会人类学和社会生态系统的概念）的理论框架之间进行的渐进式迭代–现场实验，模型测试，最后是参与式（通过角色扮演游戏）和基于主体的模拟实验。实地实验在萨赫勒国家塞内加尔进行，突出了这一土地法规的多元化问题。想知道在萨赫勒土地所有权政策的未来中土地管制的多元化应该或可能在什么地方出现，首先是要允许就该概念的含义进行多种观点之间的对话。选择一种允许表达和理解多种观点的框架，可以帮助与（可能是对此感兴趣的）西方参与者（萨赫勒地区）的各种参与者展开讨论。

著录项

  • 作者

    Papazian Hermine;

  • 作者单位
  • 年度 2015
  • 总页数
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 fr
  • 中图分类

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号