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Plate boundary deformation in North Iceland during 1992–2009 revealed by InSAR time-series analysis and GPS

机译：InSAR时间序列分析和GPS显示1992-2009年冰岛北部的板块边界变形

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In North Iceland, extensional plate motion is accommodated by the Northern Volcanic Zone, a set of en-echelon volcanic systems, and the Tjörnes Fracture Zone, a transform offset in the mid-Atlantic Ridge consisting of two parallel transform lineaments. The southern lineament, the Húsavík–Flatey fault, is a 100 km-long right-lateral strike slip fault that has not ruptured for more than 140 years and poses a significant seismic hazard to Húsavík, a fishing town located by the fault, and to other coastal communities. We present results of InSAR time-series analysis data spanning almost two decades (1992–2009) that show extensional and interseismic deformation within the Northern Volcanic Zone and the on-shore part of the Tjörnes Fracture Zone. The results also exhibit transient inflation at Theistareykir volcano, deflation at Krafla central volcano and a broad uplift north of Krafla. The current plate extension is not uniform across the Northern Volcanic Zone, but concentrated at the western fissures of the Theistareykir volcanic system and the outermost fissures of the Krafla fissure swarm. We combine a back-slip plate boundary model with a set of point pressure sources representing volcanic changes to describe the current extensional plate boundary deformation and update the previous estimations of the locking depth and slip rate of the Húsavík–Flatey fault that were based on GPS data alone. Using different combinations of input data, we find that the Húsavík–Flatey fault has a locking depth of 6–10 km and, with a slip rate of 6–9 mm/yr, is accommodating about a third of the full transform motion. We furthermore show that while the InSAR data provide important constraints on the volcanic deformation within the NVZ, they do not significantly improve the model parameter estimation for the HFF, as the dense GPS network appears to better capture the deformation across the fault.
机译：在冰岛北部，伸展的板块运动由北部火山带（一组梯级火山系统）和Tjörnes断裂带（大西洋中脊的转换偏移量）组成，Tjörnes断裂带由两个平行的转换构造组成。南部地带是胡萨维克-弗拉特断层，是一条长达100公里的右侧走滑断层，至今未破裂超过140年，对断层所在的渔镇胡萨维克和其他沿海社区。我们介绍了近20年（1992-2009年）的InSAR时间序列分析数据的结果，这些数据显示了北部火山区和Tjörnes断裂带的陆上部分内的伸展变形和地震变形。结果还显示出Theistareykir火山的瞬时膨胀，克拉夫拉中央火山的放气和克拉夫拉以北的广泛隆升。目前的板块延伸在整个北部火山带上不是均匀的，而是集中在Theistareykir火山系统的西裂隙和Krafla裂隙群的最外裂隙。我们将后滑动板块边界模型与代表火山变化的一组点压力源相结合，以描述当前的扩展板块边界变形，并更新基于GPS的Húsavík-Flatey断层的锁定深度和滑动率的先前估计值仅数据。使用不同的输入数据组合，我们发现胡萨维克-弗拉蒂断层的锁定深度为6-10 km，滑移率为6-9 mm / yr，约占整个转换运动的三分之一。我们进一步表明，尽管InSAR数据对NVZ内的火山形变提供了重要的约束条件，但由于密集的GPS网络似乎可以更好地捕获整个断层的形变，因此它们并未显着改善HFF的模型参数估计。

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