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Sink or source—The potential of coffee agroforestry systems to sequester atmospheric CO2 into soil organic carbon

机译：汇或源—咖啡农林业系统将大气中的CO 2吸收到土壤有机碳中的潜力

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Current carbon accounting methodologies often assume interactions between above-ground and below-ground carbon, without considering effects of land management. We used data from two long-term coffee agroforestry experiments in Costa Rica and Nicaragua to assess the effect on total soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks of (i) organic versus conventional management, (ii) higher versus moderate agronomic inputs, (iii) tree shade types. During the first nine years of coffee establishment total 0–40 cm depth SOC stocks decreased by 12.4% in Costa Rica and 0.13% in Nicaragua. Change in SOC differed consistently amongst soil layers: at 0–10 cm SOC stocks increased by 2.14 and 1.26 Mg C ha−1 in Costa Rica and Nicaragua respectively; however much greater reduction occurred at 20–40 cm (9.65 and 2.85 Mg C ha−1 respectively). Organic management caused a greater increase in 0–10 cm SOC but did not influence its reduction at depth. Effects of shade type were smaller, though heavily pruned legume shade trees produced a greater increase in 0–10 cm SOC than unpruned timber trees. No significant differences in SOC stocks were found between shaded and unshaded systems at any depth and SOC was poorly correlated with above-ground biomass stocks highlighting poor validity of “expansion factors” currently used to estimate SOC. SOC stock changes were significantly negatively correlated with initial SOC stock per plot, providing evidence that during establishment of these woody-plant-dominated agricultural systems SOC stocks tend to converge towards a new equilibrium as a function of the change in the quantity and distribution of organic inputs. Therefore it cannot be assumed that tree-based agricultural systems necessarily lead to increases in soil C stocks. While high inputs of organic fertiliser/tree pruning mulch increased surface-layer SOC stocks, this did not affect stocks in deeper soil, where decreases generally exceeded any gains in surface soil. Therefore site- and system-specific sampling is essential to draw meaningful conclusions for climate change mitigation strategies.
机译：当前的碳核算方法通常假设地上和地下碳之间的相互作用，而不考虑土地管理的影响。我们使用来自哥斯达黎加和尼加拉瓜的两个长期咖啡农林业试验的数据来评估（i）有机管理与常规管理对农业土壤总有机碳（SOC）的影响；（ii）相对于中等农艺投入较高（iii）树荫类型。在咖啡生产的前九年中，哥斯达黎加的总深度为0-40 cm的SOC储量减少了12.4％，尼加拉瓜则减少了0.13％。土壤各层中SOC的变化始终是一致的：在哥斯达黎加和尼加拉瓜，0-10 cm的SOC储量分别增加了2.14和1.26 Mg C ha-1；然而，在20–40 cm处发生了更大的减少（分别为9.65和2.85 Mg C ha-1）。有机管理导致0-10 cm SOC的更大增加，但不影响其深度减少。阴影类型的影响较小，尽管修剪过的豆科植物遮荫树比未修剪的木树在0-10 cm SOC上的增加更大。在任何深度的阴影系统和非阴影系统之间，SOC储量均未发现显着差异，SOC与地上生物量储量的相关性较弱，这凸显了目前用于估算SOC的“扩展因子”的有效性差。 SOC储量变化与每个样地的初始SOC储量显着负相关，这提供了证据，表明在这些以木本植物为主的农业系统建立期间，SOC储量往往会随着有机物数量和分布的变化而趋向于达到新的平衡。输入。因此，不能假设以树为基础的农业系统必然导致土壤碳储量的增加。虽然有机肥料/树木修剪覆盖物的高投入增加了表层SOC的存量，但这并没有影响深层土壤的存量，因为土壤深层的SOC下降通常超过了表层土壤的任何增产。因此，针对特定地点和特定系统的采样对于得出缓解气候变化策略的有意义结论至关重要。

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