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Determinants and Developmental Consequences of Organic Contaminant Uptake in Nestling Insectivorous Birds

机译：雏鸟食食性鸟类中有机污染物吸收的决定因素和发育后果

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摘要

This research assesses the ecotoxicology of three avian species in their natural environment. Field studies investigated potential toxicological effects of organochlorine pollutants including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) and their metabolites on wildlife with passerine nestlings as model organisms. For organisms at higher trophic levels, especially terrestrial ones the major route of exposure to persistent pollutants is food. Consequently, I estimated the diet of nestlings of populations of three species - tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolour), purple martins (Progne subis) and house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) at Point Pelee National Park, Ontario, Canada and their contaminant contents. Another route of exposure in oviparous organisms is through their eggs, so the contaminant contents in eggs of each population were analyzed. Nestlings’ growth rates were measured in the field from which values consumption rates were estimated. Contamination loads were estimated by multiplying consumption rates by food-specific contaminant concentrations and combined with egg-acquired burdens in a bioenergetics-based model to predict bioaccumulation levels of various PCB congeners and DDE in each species. These estimates were compared with tissue contaminant concentrations of nestlings sacrificed at fledging age. The deviations between the predicted and observed values reflected the nestlings’ biotransformation and absorption abilities. To measure nestlings’ biological responses to organochlorine pollutants, house wren nestlingsu27’ diet was supplemented with Hexagenia mayflies collected from three locations containing different PCB burdens. Nestlings fed mayflies collected from a heavily contaminated site had significantly reduced relative growth rates and enlarged livers and hearts relative to controls (whose diets were not supplemented with mayflies) and to individuals fed mayflies from less contaminated sites. However, nestlings fed ‘reference’ mayflies that had been spiked with a PCB mixture grew at the same rate as nestlings fed with mayflies collected from a moderately polluted location, suggesting that contaminants other than PCBs were responsible for the observed impairments. The thesis results demonstrate that accumulation of pollutants and its effects on nestling passerines in natural habitats are based on composition of food, contributions from maternal burden accumulated from breeding and overwintering locations, and bioenergetics of nestlings including biotransformation capacities.
机译：这项研究评估了三种鸟类在其自然环境中的生态毒理学。现场研究调查了有机氯污染物（包括多氯联苯（PCBs）和二氯二苯基三氯乙烷（DDT）及其代谢物）对以雀形nest为模型生物的野生生物的潜在毒理作用。对于营养水平较高的生物，尤其是陆地生物，接触持久性污染物的主要途径是食物。因此，我估算了加拿大安大略省Point Pelee国家公园的三种燕子（燕子（Tachycineta bicolour），紫色马丁斯（Progne subis）和）（Troglodytes aedon））的雏鸟的饮食及其污染物含量。卵生生物中另一种接触途径是通过卵，因此，分析了每个种群卵中的污染物含量。雏鸟的生长率是在估计价值消费率的领域进行测量的。通过将消耗速率乘以食物特定的污染物浓度，并结合以生物能学为基础的模型预测每个物种中各种PCB同源物和DDE的生物蓄积水平，结合鸡蛋获取的负担来估算污染负荷。将这些估计值与成年时牺牲的雏鸟的组织污染物浓度进行了比较。预测值和观察值之间的偏差反映了雏鸟的生物转化和吸收能力。为了衡量雏鸟对有机氯污染物的生物反应，在从三个地点采集的含有不同PCB负担的家禽nest中补充了w雏饮食。饲喂从受严重污染的地方收集的may蝇，相对于对照（饮食中未补充may蝇）和从污染较少的地方喂食的蝇individuals，相对于增长率（相对饮食）没有明显降低的相对生长速度和肝脏和心脏的增大。但是，饲喂多氯联苯混合物的“参考”可能孵化的雏鸟的生长速度与饲喂从中等污染地点收集的五氯苯酚的雏鸟的增长速度相同，这表明观察到的损害是除多氯联苯以外的污染物造成的。论文结果表明，污染物的积累及其对自然生境中雏鸟雀碱的影响是基于食物的成分，繁殖和越冬地点积累的母体负担的贡献以及雏鸟的生物能，包括生物转化能力。

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    Sebastian Mary;

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  • 年度 2011
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