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Prospects of the use of nanofluids as working fluids for organic Rankine cycle power systems

机译：纳米流体用作有机朗肯循环动力系统工作流体的前景

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The search of novel working fluids for organic Rankine cycle power systems is driven by the recent regulations imposing additional phase-out schedules for substances with adverse environmental characteristics. Recently, nanofluids (i.e. colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in fluids) have been suggested as potential working fluids for organic Rankine cycle power systems due to their enhanced thermal properties, potentially giving advantages with respect to the design of the components and the cycle performance. Nevertheless, a number of challenges concerning the use of nanofluids must be investigated prior to their practical use. Among other things, the trade-off between enhanced heat transfer and increased pressure drop in heat exchangers, and the impact of the nanoparticles on the working fluid thermophysical properties, must be carefully analyzed. This paper is aimed at evaluating the prospects of using nanofluids as working fluids for organic Rankine cycle power systems. As a preliminary study, nanofluids consisting of a homogenous and stable mixture of different nanoparticles types and a selected organic fluid are simulated on a case study organic Rankine cycle unit for waste heat recovery. The impact of the nanoparticle type and concentration on the heat exchangers size, with respect to the reference case, is analyzed. The results indicate that the heat exchanger area requirements in the boiler decrease around 4 % for a nanoparticle volume concentration of 1 %, without significant differences among nanoparticle types. The pressure drop in the boiler increases up to 18 % for the same nanoparticle concentration, but this is not found to impact negatively the pump power consumption.
机译：对有机朗肯循环动力系统的新型工作液的搜索是由最近的法规推动的，该法规对具有不利环境特征的物质施加了额外的淘汰时间表。近来，由于其增强的热性能，已经提出了纳米流体（即，流体中纳米颗粒的胶体悬浮液）作为有机朗肯循环动力系统的潜在工作流体，潜在地在部件设计和循环性能方面具有优势。然而，在纳米流体的实际应用之前，必须研究许多与纳米流体的使用有关的挑战。除其他事项外，必须仔细分析热交换器中增强的热传递与增加的压降之间的权衡，以及纳米颗粒对工作流体热物理性质的影响。本文旨在评估使用纳米流体作为有机朗肯循环动力系统的工作流体的前景。作为一项初步研究，在案例研究有机朗肯循环装置上，模拟了由不同纳米颗粒类型的均匀稳定混合物和选定有机流体组成的纳米流体，以回收废热。相对于参考情况，分析了纳米颗粒类型和浓度对热交换器尺寸的影响。结果表明，对于纳米颗粒体积浓度为1％的锅炉，热交​​换器的换热面积要求降低了约4％，而纳米颗粒类型之间没有显着差异。对于相同的纳米颗粒浓度，锅炉中的压降最多可增加18％，但这并未对泵的功耗产生负面影响。

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