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首页> 外文OA文献 >Genetic, ecological, behavioral and geographic differentiation of populations in a thistle weevil: implications for speciation and biocontrol.
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Genetic, ecological, behavioral and geographic differentiation of populations in a thistle weevil: implications for speciation and biocontrol.

机译：蓟象鼻虫种群的遗传，生态，行为和地理差异：对物种形成和生物防治的影响。

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Because weevils are used as biocontrol agents against thistles, it is important to document and understand host shifts and the evolution of host-specificity in these insects. Furthermore, such host shifts are of fundamental interest to mechanisms of speciation. The mediterranean weevil Larinus cynarae normally parasitizes either one of two thistle genera, Onopordum and Cynara, being locally monophagous. In Sardinia, however, both host genera are used. We used three types of data to help understand this complex host use: (i) weevil attack rates on the two host genera among 53 different populations in Sardinia and nearby Corsica, (ii) host preference in a lab setting, and (iii) genetic (allozyme) differentiation among weevil populations exploiting the same or different hosts. Using a subset of populations from northern Sardinia, we attempted to relate interpopulation differences in host preference to gene flow among populations by comparing pairwise differences in oviposition preference (Qst) and in allozyme frequencies (Fst). Overall, Qst and Fst were positively correlated. Fst was positively correlated with geographic distance among pairs of populations using the same host, but not among different-host population pairs. As mating occurs on the hosts, this result suggests reinforcement. Genetic evidence indicates Cynara as the ancestral host of the weevils from both islands and our current studies suggest repeated attempts to colonize Onopordum, with a successful shift in Corsica and a partial shift in Sardinia. This scenario would explain why in Sardinia the level of attack was higher on Cynara than on Onopordum and why, when given a choice in the laboratory, Sardinian weevils preferred Cynara even when sampled from Onopordum. The lability of host shifts in L. cynarae supports caution in using these or related weevils as biocontrol agents of exotic thistles.
机译：由于象鼻虫被用作对抗蓟的生物防治剂，因此重要的是记录和了解这些昆虫的寄主转移和寄主特异性的演变。此外，这种寄主转移对于物种形成机制至关重要。地中海象鼻虫Larinus cynarae通常寄生于当地的单食性两个蓟属（Onopordum和Cynara）之一。但是，在撒丁岛，两个寄主属都被使用。我们使用三种类型的数据来帮助了解这种复杂的宿主用途：（i）撒丁岛和附近科西嘉岛53个不同种群在两个宿主属上的象鼻虫发病率，（ii）实验室环境中宿主的偏好，以及（iii）遗传利用相同或不同宿主的象鼻虫种群之间的（alzyzyme）差异。我们使用撒丁岛北部的一部分种群，通过比较成对的偏好（Qst）和同工酶频率（Fst）的成对差异，试图将种群偏好之间的种群间差异与种群之间的基因流相关联。总体而言，Qst和Fst呈正相关。 Fst与使用同一宿主的成对种群之间的地理距离呈正相关，而与不同宿主的成对种群之间则无相关性。当在宿主上发生交配时，此结果表明会增强。遗传证据表明西纳拉是来自两个岛屿的象鼻虫的祖先，而我们目前的研究表明，反复尝试定殖无尾草，科西嘉​​岛成功转移，撒丁岛部分转移。这种情况可以解释为什么在撒丁岛，对Cynara的侵袭程度要比对Onopordum的侵袭程度高，以及为什么在实验室中选择撒丁岛时，即使从Onopordum采样，撒丁岛象鼻虫仍偏爱Cynara。猕猴的宿主转移的不稳定性支持谨慎使用这些象鼻虫或相关象鼻虫作为外来蓟的生物防治剂。

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