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首页> 外文OA文献 >Differences in the timing of cardio-respiratory development determine whether marine gastropod embryos survive or die in hypoxia.
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Differences in the timing of cardio-respiratory development determine whether marine gastropod embryos survive or die in hypoxia.

机译：心脏呼吸发育时间的差异决定了海洋腹足动物胚胎在缺氧条件下是否存活或死亡。

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Physiological plasticity of early developmental stages is a key way by which organisms can survive and adapt to environmental change. We investigated developmental plasticity of aspects of the cardio-respiratory physiology of encapsulated embryos of a marine gastropod,Littorina obtusata, surviving exposure to moderate hypoxia (PO2 =8 kPa) and compared the development of these survivors with that of individuals that died before hatching. Individuals surviving hypoxia exhibited a slower rate of development and altered ontogeny of cardio-respiratory structure and function compared with normoxic controls (PO2 >20 kPa). The onset and development of the larval and adult hearts were delayed in chronological time in hypoxia, but both organs appeared earlier in developmental time and cardiac activity rates were greater. The velum, a transient, 'larval' organ thought to play a role in gas exchange, was larger in hypoxia but developed more slowly (in chronological time), and velar cilia-driven, rotational activity was lower. Despite these effects of hypoxia, 38% of individuals survived to hatching. Compared with those embryos that died during development, these surviving embryos had advanced expression of adult structures, i.e. a significantly earlier occurrence and greater activity of their adult heart and larger shells. In contrast, embryos that died retained larval cardio-respiratory features (the velum and larval heart) for longer in chronological time. Surviving embryos came from eggs with significantly higher albumen provisioning than those that died, suggesting an energetic component for advanced development of adult traits.
机译：早期发育阶段的生理可塑性是有机体赖以生存并适应环境变化的关键途径。我们研究了海洋腹足纲小体立陶宛荚encapsulate的封装胚胎在中度缺氧（PO2 = 8 kPa）下存活下来的心脏-呼吸生理方面的发育可塑性，并将这些存活者的发育与在孵化前死亡的个体的发育进行了比较。与正常氧对照组相比，幸存的低氧个体表现出较慢的发展速度，并且心脏呼吸结构和功能的个体发生改变（PO2> 20 kPa）。在缺氧的时间顺序中，幼虫和成年心脏的发作和发育被延迟，但是两个器官的发育时间都较早，心脏活动率更高。缺氧是一种短暂的“幼虫”器官，被认为在气体交换中起作用，缺氧时较大，但发育较慢（按时间顺序），而纤毛纤毛驱动的旋转活动较低。尽管有缺氧的这些影响，但仍有38％的个体存活到孵化。与在发育过程中死亡的那些胚胎相比，这些存活的胚胎具有成年结构的晚期表达，即明显早于它们的出现，并且它们的成年心脏和更大的壳具有更大的活性。相比之下，死亡的胚胎在时间上保留更长的幼虫心脏呼吸特征（​​软膜和幼虫心脏）。存活的胚胎来自卵蛋白供应比死亡的卵高得多的卵，这表明成年性状的先进发育是必需的能量成分。

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