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Visual processing and social cognition in schizophrenia: Relationships among eye movements, biological motion perception, and empathy.

机译：精神分裂症的视觉处理和社会认知：眼球运动，生物运动知觉和同理心之间的关系。

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Schizophrenia patients have impairments at several levels of cognition including visual attention (eye movements), perception, and social cognition. However, it remains unclear how lower-level cognitive deficits influence higher-level cognition. To elucidate the hierarchical path linking deficient cognitions, we focused on biological motion perception, which is involved in both the early stage of visual perception (attention) and higher social cognition, and is impaired in schizophrenia. Seventeen schizophrenia patients and 18 healthy controls participated in the study. Using point-light walker stimuli, we examined eye movements during biological motion perception in schizophrenia. We assessed relationships among eye movements, biological motion perception and empathy. In the biological motion detection task, schizophrenia patients showed lower accuracy and fixated longer than healthy controls. As opposed to controls, patients exhibiting longer fixation durations and fewer numbers of fixations demonstrated higher accuracy. Additionally, in the patient group, the correlations between accuracy and affective empathy index and between eye movement index and affective empathy index were significant. The altered gaze patterns in patients indicate that top-down attention compensates for impaired bottom-up attention. Furthermore, aberrant eye movements might lead to deficits in biological motion perception and finally link to social cognitive impairments. The current findings merit further investigation for understanding the mechanism of social cognitive training and its development.
机译：精神分裂症患者在几种认知水平上都有障碍，包括视觉注意力（眼球运动），知觉和社交认知。但是，尚不清楚较低水平的认知缺陷如何影响较高水平的认知。为了阐明联系缺陷认知的分层路径，我们集中于生物运动知觉，它涉及视觉知觉（注意力）的早期阶段和较高的社会认知，并且在精神分裂症中受损。 17位精神分裂症患者和18位健康对照参加了研究。使用点光步行者刺激，我们在精神分裂症的生物运动感知过程中检查了眼睛的运动。我们评估了眼动，生物运动知觉和同理心之间的关系。在生物运动检测任务中，精神分裂症患者的准确性较健康对照组低，固定时间更长。与对照相反，患者表现出更长的固定持续时间，更少的固定次数显示出更高的准确性。另外，在患者组中，准确性和情感移情指数之间以及眼球运动指数和情感移情指数之间的相关性很显着。患者注视模式的改变表明，自上而下的注意力可以弥补自下而上的注意力受损。此外，异常的眼球运动可能导致生物运动知觉不足，并最终导致社交认知障碍。目前的发现值得进一步研究，以了解社会认知训练的机制及其发展。

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