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Retrograde equatorial surface flows generated by thermal convection confined under a stably stratified layer in a rapidly rotating spherical shell

机译：由热对流产生的逆向赤道表面流被限制在快速旋转的球形壳中的稳定分层之下

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摘要

Finite-amplitude thermal convection in a rapidly rotating spherical shell associated with a stably stratified layer placed near the outer surface is investigated. Systematic numerical experiments are performed with an Ekman number of E = 10−3, a Prandtl number of P = 1 and an inner/outer radius ratio of η = 0.4, and the existence of a strongly stratified upper layer is shown to enhance the generation of equatorial surface retrograde flows when the Rayleigh number is approximately ten times larger than the critical value. The existence of the stable layer causes the bottom of the stable layer to behave as a virtual boundary for the convective motion underneath. Its effective dynamic condition varies from the free-slip condition to the no-slip condition as the Rayleigh number increases. The Reynolds stress of the convective vortices beneath the stable layer is weakened and is dominated by the transport of the planetary angular momentum. As a result, the latitudinal temperature gradient produced at the bottom of the stable layer induces the equatorial retrograde flow through the thermal wind balance. This diffuses through the stable layer by viscosity and produces the equatorial surface retrograde flow.
机译：研究了快速旋转的球形壳中的有限振幅热对流，该球形壳与位于外表面附近的稳定分层层相关。用E = 10-3的埃克曼数，P = 1的普朗特数和内/外半径比η= experiments0.4进行系统数值实验，结果表明存在强烈分层的上层可增强生成当瑞利数大约比临界值大十倍时，赤道面逆流流动。稳定层的存在导致稳定层的底部充当其下方对流运动的虚拟边界。随着瑞利数的增加，其有效动态条件从自由滑移状态变为无滑移状态。稳定层下面的对流涡流的雷诺应力被减弱，并且由行星角动量的传输所主导。结果，在稳定层底部产生的纬度温度梯度通过热风平衡引起了赤道逆行流动。这会通过粘度扩散通过稳定层，并产生赤道表面逆流。

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