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An epidemiological study of coronary heart disease and its risk factors in Scotland:The Scottish Heart Health Study

机译：苏格兰冠心病及其危险因素的流行病学研究：苏格兰心脏健康研究

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The Scottish Heart Health Study was conducted in response to a report by a Working Group of the Chief Scientist Organisation and followed an initial of the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit. The aims of the study were to establish the levels of coronary risk factors in Scotland, to determine the extent to which these risks factors explained the geographical variation in coronary heart disease, and their relative contribution to the prediction of coronary heart disease in a cohort of men and women.The Scottish Heart Health Study is a study of lifestyle and coronary heart disease risk factors in 10 359 men and women aged 40-59 years, in 22 districts of Scotland. The study was conducted in 1984-86, when Scotland had the highest national coronary mortality reported by the World Health Organisation. The study employed standardised methods emphasing quality e4 control based on a World Health Organisation protocol to allow comparisons in place and time, and therefore to provide a definitive baseline against which interventions can be assessed. The cross sectional aspect of the study has been analysed and addresses the first two study objectives. The third objective will only be achieved when sufficient prospective coronary events have occurred.Current cigarette smokers constitute 39% of men and 38% of women, higher levels than those reported in England but lower than previous Scottish reports. Considerable variation in smoking was noted across the study districts from 29% to 52% in men. Mean blood pressure levels were 134/84 mmHg for men and 131/81 mmHg in women, these levels are lower than previous studies in Britain and there was a narrow range of levels across the districts. Mean levels of blood cholesterol were 6.4 mmol/l in men and 6.6 mmol/l in women - as high as other British studies and high by international standards. There was little geographical variation in blood cholesterol noted.High levels of blood cholesterol and cigarette smoking provide a classical explanation for the excess coronary deaths in Scotland, justifying action, but other factors, such as dietary deficiencies, also merit further investigation. The geographical variation in coronary mortality can best be explained by a group of risk factors which all show a social gradient and these include cigarette smoking, physical activity, blood pressure, and the consumption of alcohol, fruit and green vegetables.
机译：苏格兰心脏健康研究是根据首席科学家组织的一个工作组的报告进行的，随后是心血管流行病学部门的首创。该研究的目的是确定苏格兰冠心病危险因素的水平，以确定这些危险因素在多大程度上解释了冠心病的地理变异及其在预测冠心病人群中的相对贡献。苏格兰心脏健康研究是一项针对苏格兰22个地区的10359名40-59岁的男性和女性的生活方式和冠心病危险因素的研究。这项研究是在1984-86年进行的，当时苏格兰是世界卫生组织报告的全国冠心病死亡率最高的国家。该研究采用了基于世界卫生组织协议的强调质量e4控制的标准化方法，以便可以进行时间和地点的比较，从而提供了可以评估干预措施的明确基准。分析了研究的横截面，并解决了前两个研究目标。只有在发生足够的前瞻性冠状动脉事件时才能实现第三个目标。目前，吸烟者占男性的39％，女性的38％，高于英国的报告水平，但低于苏格兰以前的报告。在整个研究区中，吸烟的男性差异很大，从29％增至52％。男性的平均血压水平为134/84 mmHg，女性的平均血压水平为131/81 mmHg，这些水平低于英国以前的研究，并且各个地区的血压水平范围都很窄。男性的平均胆固醇水平为6.4 mmol / l，女性的平均胆固醇为6.6 mmol / l-与其他英国研究一样高，达到国际标准。血液中胆固醇的地理分布几乎没有变化。高水平的胆固醇和吸烟为苏格兰过多的冠状动脉死亡提供了经典的解释，有力地证明了这一点，但其他因素，例如饮食缺乏，也值得进一步研究。冠状动脉死亡率的地理差异可以用一组风险因素来最好地解释，这些风险因素都显示出社会梯度，其中包括吸烟，体育锻炼，血压以及饮酒，水果和绿色蔬菜。

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