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TANF ENTRY AND EXIT IN THE POST WELFARE REFORM ERA: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF HUMAN CAPITAL AND SOCIAL CAPITAL

机译：福利改革后时代的TANF进入和退出：人力资本和社会资本的贡献

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The 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) dramatically transformed the United States’ welfare system. It did so by replacing the old cash system, Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), with Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). This new system is predicated on several mandates which include mandatory work in exchange for cash assistance, and a five-year lifetime limit on the receipt of cash assistance. This major restructuring resulted in greater emphasis on welfare recipients’ ability to succeed in this market economy. Specifically, it evokes greater attention to the factors that can potentially hinder or promote welfare exit.ududResearch has primarily emphasized human capital theory in welfare receipt and exit. Human capital pertains to an individual’s educational attainment or technical expertise that can translate into productivity within the labor market. Less research has been devoted to social capital, a concept that sheds light on the social reality in which people live. Social capital deals specifically with the advantages that are embedded in social relations than can provide economic benefits. In accordance with this definition, studies have shown that the accumulation of social capital has led to better employment outcomes. Given its importance, a view of the social capital of welfare recipients along with their human capital accumulation will help to illuminate the complexities inherent in entering and exiting welfare.ududAmong low income individuals, educational level does not necessarily reflect welfare status or a change in status. An important contributor to economic well-being, such as promoting TANF exit or hindering TANF entry, is social capital. However, little is known about its role in conjunction with human capital, among welfare recipients. In response to this gap, this dissertation seeks to examine the relative effects of human capital and social capital on TANF exit and entry.ududThis research is based on the Making Connections dataset which is part of a larger initiative by the Annie Casey Foundation to improve neighborhood social and economic opportunities. The results of this study show that social capital is an important predictor of exiting TANF, however it does not affect TANF entry. It also suggests that human capital is important for exiting TANF but does not act as a buffer against entering TANF. The implications of these findings are that welfare policy and programs should promote social capital and human capital efforts for welfare recipients.
机译：1996年的《个人责任与工作机会和解法》（PRWORA）极大地改变了美国的福利体系。为此，它用有需要的家庭临时援助（TANF）取代了旧的现金系统，即“有抚养子女的家庭援助”（AFDC）。这个新系统以多项任务为基础，包括强制性工作以换取现金援助，以及对现金援助的接收期限为五年。这项重大的重组导致更多地强调了福利接受者在这种市场经济中的成功能力。具体而言，它引起了对可能阻碍或促进福利退出的因素的更多关注。 ud ud研究主要在福利接收和退出中强调了人力资本理论。人力资本与个人的教育程度或技术专长有关，可以转化为劳动力市场的生产力。关于社会资本的研究较少，这一概念揭示了人们所生活的社会现实。社会资本专门处理社会关系中所固有的优势，而不是提供经济利益。根据这一定义，研究表明，社会资本的积累导致了更好的就业结果。鉴于其重要性，对福利接受者的社会资本及其人力资本积累的看法将有助于阐明进入和退出福利所固有的复杂性。 ud ud在低收入人群中，受教育程度并不一定反映福利状况或状态改变。社会资本是促进经济繁荣的重要因素，例如促进TANF的退出或阻碍TANF的进入。然而，在福利接受者中，关于其与人力资本结合的作用知之甚少。针对这一差距，本论文力图研究人力资本和社会资本对TANF退出和进入的相对影响。 ud ud这项研究基于“建立联系”数据集，该数据集是安妮·凯西基金会一项较大计划的一部分改善邻里的社会和经济机会。这项研究的结果表明，社会资本是退出TANF的重要预测指标，但是它并不影响TANF的进入。这也表明人力资本对于退出TANF很重要，但不能作为进入TANF的缓冲。这些发现的含义是，福利政策和计划应促进福利接受者的社会资本和人力资本工作。

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    Constance-Huggins Monique;

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