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Effects of abandonment on plant diversity in seminatural grasslands along soil and climate gradients

机译：弃耕对土壤和气候梯度下半天然草原植物多样性的影响

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Questions: What are the effects of abandonment on plant diversity in semi-natural grasslands? Do the effects of abandonment on taxonomic and functional diversity vary along environmental gradients of climate and soil? Location: West and mid-Norway. Methods: Plant composition was surveyed in 110 subplots of 4 m2 in 14 sites across grazed and abandoned semi-natural grasslands. Climate data were extracted and soil composition analysed. To reduce the number of explanatory variables and deal with collinearity, we performed PCA. Data on the plant species vegetative height (H), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), specific leaf area (SLA), seed mass (SM) and number of seeds per plant (SNP) for 175 species were extracted from the LEDA database. Measures of plant diversity (species richness, CWM of functional traits and functional diversity (evenness and range)) were calculated for each subplot. To estimate the effects of abandonment on plant diversity and examine how these effects are moderated by gradients in soil and climate, we fitted mixed models to the data including site as a random effect. Results: Species richness in the subplots was lower in abandoned semi-natural grasslands, especially on more calcareous soils. CWM H, LDMC and SM were higher in abandoned semi-natural grasslands. CWM LDMC was only higher in the driest subplots. The ranges in H, SLA and SM, as well as evenness in LDMC were also higher in abandoned semi-natural grasslands, but the range in LDMC was lower. Conclusions: It is important to assess both taxonomic and functional diversity to understand ecosystem processes. The species pool in ecosystems influenced by a long history of intermediate grazing includes a high proportion of low stature, grazing-tolerant plant species. Abandonment of extensive land-use practices will cause a decline in taxonomic diversity (plant species richness) in such systems due to increased abundance of plants with high stature that outcompete the lower, grazing-tolerant plants. This process is predominant especially if moisture, soil fertility and pH are at intermediate levels. Changes in species communities due to abandonment will also influence ecosystem functioning, such as nutrient turnover and fodder production resilience. (Résumé d'auteur)
机译：问题：抛弃对半天然草原植物多样性有什么影响？放弃对生物分类和功能多样性的影响是否随气候和土壤的环境梯度而变化？地点：挪威西部和中部。方法：在放牧和荒废的半天然草地的14个地点的110个亚面中，对4平方米的亚地块进行了调查。提取气候数据并分析土壤成分。为了减少解释变量的数量并处理共线性，我们执行了PCA。从LEDA数据库中提取了175种植物的植物物种营养高度（H），叶干物质含量（LDMC），比叶面积（SLA），种子质量（SM）和单株种子数（SNP）的数据。为每个子图计算了植物多样性的量度（物种丰富度，功能性状的CWM和功能多样性（均匀度和范围））。为了评估遗弃对植物多样性的影响，并研究土壤和气候梯度如何缓解这些影响，我们将包括地点在内的混合模型拟合为随机效应。结果：在废弃的半天然草地中，亚地域的物种丰富度较低，尤其是在钙质土壤上。在废弃的半天然草地中，CWM H，LDMC和SM较高。 CWM LDMC仅在最干燥的子图中较高。在废弃的半天然草地中，H，SLA和SM的范围以及LDMC的均匀度也较高，但LDMC的范围较低。结论：重要的是评估分类学和功能多样性，以了解生态系统过程。受长期中度放牧影响的生态系统中的物种库包括高比例的低矮耐草植物物种。放弃广泛的土地利用做法将导致此类系统中的分类学多样性（植物物种丰富度）下降，原因是高身高的植物的丰度增加了，而低耐草性的植物要胜过这种植物。特别是在水分，土壤肥力和pH处于中等水平的情况下，此过程非常重要。由于遗弃造成的物种群落变化也将影响生态系统的功能，例如养分周转和饲料生产的适应力。 （Résuméd'auteur）

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