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Tradeoffs between pasture production and plant diversity and soil health attributes of pasture systems of Central Queensland, Australia

机译：澳大利亚昆士兰中部牧场生产与植物多样性和牧场系统土壤健康属性之间的权衡

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The clearing land of trees and introduction of exotic pastures to enhance pasture production and associated monetary gains has been a common practise in Queensland. Previous studies on tree clearing emphasised the gains in pasture production, but over periods of less than 10–15 years after clearing, thus potentially misleading land managers who plan to continue grazing beyond that time. The present research follows an integrated approach to quantify the pasture yield and the effects of tree clearing on pasture species composition, soil properties (organic carbon, available N (NO3−), pHw and microbial biomass (C and N)), and litter production over time-since-clearing on a grazing property in central Queensland, and to evaluate the implications of our findings for the region. The cleared pasture systems were taken at 5, 11–13 and 33 year age of clearing in comparison to their paired uncleared pastures for three major tree communities representative of the region: Eucalyptus populnea, Eucalyptus melanophloia and Acacia harpophylla. The paper evaluates the effects of clearing on individual attributes as well as an integrated effect of these attributes, i.e. overall ecological services. Pasture production generally increased with clearing but plant diversity, litter production and potential return of N and P through litter decreased. Among soil attributes, clearing of trees adversely impacted upon soil pH and microbial biomass, which play an important role in nutrient availability and mineralisation. This, the initial gains in pasture production are not sustainable over time. The multivariate analysis for such ecological attributes suggests that at the 33 year age of clearing, the ecological state of pasture systems changed compared to that at 5 year or 11–13 year or to the uncleared system. A disturbed pasture system will most likely take longer to revert to the original state compared to the time that would have taken to harvest the benefits. The results are important for landholders and policy makers to comprehend the real gains and losses following tree clearing for pasture development over the long term.
机译：在昆士兰州，砍伐树木并引进奇异的牧场以提高牧场产量和相关的货币收益一直是一种普遍做法。先前有关砍伐树木的研究强调了牧场生产的收益，但是砍伐后不到10-15年的时间，因此有可能误导打算继续放牧的土地管理者。本研究采用一种综合方法来量化牧草产量和砍伐树木对牧草物种组成，土壤特性（有机碳，有效氮（NO3-），pHw和微生物生物量（C和N））和凋落物产量的影响经过一段时间以来对昆士兰州中部一处牧场的放牧工作进行了清理，并评估了我们的调查结果对该地区的影响。与该地区代表的三个主要树群落的配对未开垦的牧场相比，该地区的开垦牧场系统的采伐年龄分别为<5、11-13和> 33岁。本文评估了清除对单个属性的影响以及这些属性（即整体生态服务）的综合影响。牧草产量通常随着清除而增加，但植物多样性，凋落物产量以及通过凋落物的氮和磷的潜在回报下降。在土壤属性中，砍伐树木会对土壤pH值和微生物生物量产生不利影响，这在养分供应和矿化中起着重要作用。这样，牧场生产的最初收益随着时间的推移是不可持续的。对这些生态属性的多变量分析表明，在> 33岁的清理年龄下，与5年或11-13年或未清理的草地相比，牧场系统的生态状态发生了变化。与收获收益相比，受干扰的牧场系统很可能需要更长的时间才能恢复到原始状态。这些结果对于土地所有者和政策制定者了解长期砍伐树木以进行牧场开发后的实际损益非常重要。

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