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Identifying Sources and Assessing Potential Risk of Exposure to Heavy Metals and Hazardous Materials in Mining Areas: The Case Study of Panasqueira Mine (Central Portugal) as an Example

机译：确定矿区的来源并评估其在矿区中重金属和有害物质的暴露风险：以Panasqueira矿（葡萄牙中部）为例

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The Sn-W Panasqueira mine, in activity since the mid-1890s, is one of the mostimportant economic deposits in the world. Arsenopyrite is the main mineral present as wellas rejected waste sulphide. The long history is testified by the presence of a huge amountof tailings, which release considerable quantities of heavy metal(loid)s into theenvironment. This work assesses soil contamination and evaluates the ecological andhuman health risks due to exposure to hazardous materials. The metal assemblageidentified in soil (Ag-As-Bi-Cd-Cu-W-Zn; potentially toxic elements (PTEs)) reflects theinfluence of the tailings, due to several agents including aerial dispersion. PTEs and pHdisplay a positive correlation confirming that heavy metal mobility is directly related to pHand, therefore, affects their availability. The estimated contamination factor classified92.6% of soil samples as moderately to ultra-highly polluted. The spatial distribution of thepotential ecological risk index classified the topsoil as being of a very high ecological risk,consistent with wind direction. Non-carcinogenic hazard of topsoil, for children (1–6 years),showed that for As the non-carcinogenic hazard represents a high health risk. Thecarcinogenic risks, both for children and adult alike, reveal a very high cancer risk mostlydue to As ingestion.
机译：自1890年代中期开始运营的Sn-W Panasqueira矿山是世界上最重要的经济矿床之一。毒砂是存在的主要矿物，也是废弃的废硫化物。悠久的历史被大量尾矿的存在证明，这些尾矿将大量重金属（胶体）释放到环境中。这项工作评估了土壤污染并评估了由于接触有害物质而造成的生态和人类健康风险。在土壤中鉴定出的金属组合物（Ag-As-Bi-Cd-Cu-W-Zn；潜在有毒元素（PTE））反映了尾矿的影响，这归因于包括空气分散在内的多种因素。 PTE和pH呈正相关，证实重金属迁移率与pH直接相关，因此会影响其可用性。估计的污染因子将土壤样品的92.6％归类为中度至超高污染。潜在生态风险指数的空间分布将表土归类为极高生态风险，与风向一致。对于儿童（1-6岁）而言，表土的非致癌性危害表明，作为非致癌性危害，具有很高的健康风险。无论是儿童还是成人，其致癌风险都显示出很高的癌症风险，主要是由于摄入砷。

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