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Prospects for Liberian iron ores considering shifting patterns of trade in the world iron ore industry.

机译：考虑到世界铁矿石行业贸易格局的转变，利比里亚铁矿石的前景。

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摘要

This dissertation examines the performance of the Liberian iron ore industry from 1950-1985 and its viability in global markets, assuming stagnation (World Bank) and expansionist (Leontief et al.) expectations. It examines past trends in trade and investment patterns in the light of equilibrium allocations which imply the existence of efficient transportation links. This model assumes that given world sources and sinks as constrained by the supply and demand structure of the ore industry, each individual region acts as a basing point to maximize net social payoff from its ore trade. The model is validated on recent (1984) industry data and "explains" 91% of actual demands and 79% of actual trade flows. Price discrimination is evidenced in the form both of monopsony power exercised by some buyers in the Pacific Basin over intra-regional (e.g., Australian) and extra-regional (e.g., Brazilian, Liberian) producers and monopoly power permitting modest rents to be collected by some producers in Africa, including Liberia, from the European markets. In North America, rents appear for some domestic producers in some simulations. These results confirm quantitatively the descriptive results of others while postulating a much more competitive environment for producers. The model assumes world trade doubles through year 2000 or stagnates. Liberia fares poorly in either case, losing significant portions of its U.S. and of its EEC markets to Canada and Brazil respectively despite the maintenance of some resource rents globally. This analysis quantifies for the first time the claims of earlier studies that price discrimination exists, but indicates actual prices may be closer to long-run competitive prices than has generally been assumed by others. Thus, realistic ways for Liberia to increase its market shares require not only an expansion of the industrialized countries' steel industries but an aggressive willingness to absorb transport and other costs by foregoing rents and lowering costs. Removing diseconomies of small transport scale, absorbing freight, and lower U.S. exchange rates combined with world steel expansion could increase Liberian annual shipments by as much as 50 million tonnes per year or $1 billion annually.
机译：本文假设停滞（世界银行）和扩张主义者（Leontief等人）的期望，考察了1950-1985年利比里亚铁矿石行业的表现及其在全球市场上的生存能力。它根据均衡分配来考察贸易和投资模式的过去趋势，这意味着存在有效的运输联系。该模型假设在给定世界来源和汇源的情况下，受矿石行业供求结构的约束，每个地区都充当着基点，以最大化其矿石贸易的净社会收益。该模型已根据最近（1984年）的行业数据进行了验证，并“解释”了91％的实际需求和79％的实际贸易流量。价格歧视体现为太平洋盆地中一些购买者对区域内（如澳大利亚）和区域外（如巴西，利比里亚）生产者行使的独占权力，以及允许由房东收取适度租金的垄断权力。非洲的一些生产商（包括利比里亚）从欧洲市场采购。在北美，一些模拟显示一些国内生产商的租金出现了。这些结果从数量上证实了其他公司的描述性结果，同时为生产商设想了更具竞争性的环境。该模型假设世界贸易在2000年之前翻番或停滞不前。无论哪种情况，利比里亚都表现不佳，尽管全球维持了一些资源租金，但利比里亚的美国和欧洲经济共同体市场却分别损失了很大一部分给加拿大和巴西。该分析首次量化了先前研究声称存在价格歧视的说法，但表明实际价格可能比其他人通常所认为的更接近长期竞争价格。因此，利比里亚增加市场份额的现实方法不仅需要扩大工业化国家的钢铁工业，而且还需要通过放弃租金和降低成本来吸收运输和其他成本的积极意愿。消除小规模运输的不经济，吸收运费和较低的美国汇率以及世界钢铁扩张，可以使利比里亚的年运输量每年增加多达5000万吨，即每年增加10亿美元。

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    Toweh Solomon Hartley.;

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  • 年度 1989
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  • 正文语种 en
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