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Phylogenetic relationships of files in the family Drosophilidae inferred by combined analysis of molecular and morphological data sets

机译：通过结合分子和形态数据集分析推断果蝇科中文件的亲缘关系

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摘要

The phylogenetic relationships of flies within the family Drosophilidae are studied in four clades placed at three different taxonomic levels. The goal of examining phylogenetic relationships of nested clades within Drosophilidae is to study patterns divergence at several points, giving a more informative view of evolution in this family of flies. Two studies presented here examine the phylogenetic relationships within the Drosophila saltans and Drosophila obscura species groups. Another examines the relationships among several species groups within the subgenus Sophophora. The final study examines the phylogenetic relationships among genera within the family Drosophilidae. The molecular data gathered for members of the Drosophila saltans species group are congruent with the conclusions of previous taxonomic studies. All five species subgroups are monophyletic with respect to one another. Relationships among the subgroups indicate that the neocordata and elliptica subgroups are basal in the saltans species group. The saltans and parasaltans subgroups are derived sister taxa and the sturtevanti subgroup occupies an intermediate position within the saltans species group. The results of the Drosophila obscura analyses indicate that all five of the subgroups are monophyletic with respect to one another. Furthermore, the New and Old World obscura species groups are monophyletic, a result which has been suggested by some data in the past. This study also suggests, albeit weakly, that the Afrotropical microlabis subgroup may be the sister taxon of the subobscura subgroup. The results of this study indicate that Sophophora is monophyletic with respect to the subgenus Drosophila. Within Sophophora, the obscura and saltans species groups are highly supported as monophyletic. The willistoni and melanogaster species groups, however, may not be monophyletic. This is possibly due to rapid speciation at the base of these two species groups. The relationships inferred through combined analysis of all available molecular and morphological data indicate that the genus Drosophila is not monophyletic. Several genera, including Engiscaptomyza, Hirtodrosophila, Mycodrosophila, Paramycodrosophila, Samoaia, Scaptomyza, Zaprionus and Zygothrica diverge within the boundaries of what is currently considered the "genus" Drosophila. Furthermore, the subgenus Drosophila is not monophyletic and can be tentatively divided into at least two, and probably more, monophyletic groups. These clades correspond, although not perfectly, with the virilis-repleta and immigrans-tripunctata radiations described in earlier taxonomic studies. Finally, the subgenus Sophophora, previously considered the sister clade of the subgenus Drosophila, is shown to be a lineage distinct from the genus Drosophila.
机译：果蝇科中果蝇的亲缘关系在三个进化分类水平的四个进化枝中进行了研究。研究果蝇科中巢状进化枝的系统发育关系的目的是研究几个点的模式差异，从而为该蝇类的进化提供更多信息。此处提出的两项研究检查了果蝇果蝇和暗果蝇物种组内的系统发育关系。另一个研究了Sophophora属内几个物种组之间的关系。最终研究检查了果蝇科中属之间的系统发育关系。果蝇果蝇物种组成员收集的分子数据与以前的分类学研究的结论是一致的。所有五个物种亚组相对于彼此都是单系的。这些亚组之间的关系表明，新皮质类和椭圆形亚组是盐类物种组的基础。 saltans和parasaltans子组是衍生的姊妹类群，而turtevanti子组在saltans种组中处于中间位置。果蝇暗点分析的结果表明，所有五个亚组相对于彼此都是单系的。此外，新世界和旧世界的晦涩物种群是单系的，过去的一些数据表明了这一结果。这项研究尽管暗示性很弱，但也表明，非洲微阴唇亚组可能是暗亚亚组的姊妹分类群。这项研究的结果表明，果蝇在果蝇亚属方面是单系的。在Sophophora中，obscura和saltans物种组被高度支持为单系统的。但是，willistoni和melanogaster物种组可能不是单系的。这可能是由于这两个物种群的基础上的快速物种形成。通过对所有可用的分子和形态学数据进行组合分析得出的关系表明，果蝇属不是单系的。几个属，包括Engiscaptomyza，Hirtodrosophila，Mycodrosophila，Paramycodrosophila，Samoaia，Scaptomyza，Zaprionus和Zygothrica在目前被认为是“果蝇属”的范围内有所不同。此外，果蝇亚属不是单系的，可以初步分为至少两个，可能更多的单系组。这些进化枝与早先的分类学研究中描述的维尔里斯-plepleta和immigrans-tripunctata辐射相对应，尽管并不完美。最后，Sophophora亚属以前被认为是果蝇亚属的姊妹进化枝，被证明是不同于果蝇属的血统。

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    OGrady Patrick M. II 1971-;

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  • 年度 1998
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