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Soil Amendment Effects on Degraded Soils and Consequences for Plant Growth and Soil Microbial Communities

机译：土壤改良剂对退化土壤的影响及其对植物生长和微生物群落的影响

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摘要

Human activities that disrupt soil properties are fundamentally changing ecosystems. Soil degradation decreases microbial abundance and activity, leading to changes in nutrient availability, soil organic matter, and plant growth and establishment. Land use and land cover change are widespread and increasing in semiarid regions of the southwestern US, which results in reductions of native plant and microbial abundance and community diversity. Here we studied the effects of soil degradation and amendments (biochar and woodchips) on microbial activity, soil carbon and nitrogen availability, and plant growth of ten semi-arid plants species native to the southwestern US. Results show that woodchip amendments result in poor overall plant growth, while biochar amended soils promoted plant growth when soil quality was reduced. Additionally, amendments had a strong influence on microbial activity, while the presence and species identity of plants did not. Biochar amended soils led to increases in the potential activities of enzymes involved in the degradation of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus rich substrates. Woodchips, caused an increase of potential activity in enzymes involved in the degradation of sugar and proteins. These results show that microbes and plants respond differently to soil treatments and suggest that microbial responses may function as earlier indicators of the success of re-vegetation attempts.
机译：破坏土壤特性的人类活动正在从根本上改变生态系统。土壤退化会降低微生物的丰度和活性，导致养分利用率，土壤有机质以及植物生长和生长的变化。在美国西南部的半干旱地区，土地使用和土地覆被变化十分普遍，并且在增加，这导致本地植物和微生物的数量减少以及社区多样性减少。在这里，我们研究了土壤退化和改良剂（生物炭和木片）对微生物活性，土壤碳和氮利用率以及美国西南部十种半干旱植物物种的植物生长的影响。结果表明，木片改良剂导致整体植物生长不良，而生物炭改良的土壤在土壤质量降低时促进了植物生长。此外，修正对微生物活性有很大的影响，而植物的存在和物种身份则没有。经过生物炭改良的土壤导致参与降解富含碳，氮和磷的底物的酶的潜在活性增加。木片引起与糖和蛋白质降解有关的酶的潜在活性增加。这些结果表明，微生物和植物对土壤处理的反应不同，并表明微生物反应可能是重新植被尝试成功的早期指标。

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    Gebhardt Martha Mary;

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