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Aspheric and diffractive surfaces in one, two and three element lenses

机译：一，二和三元件透镜中的非球面和衍射表面

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摘要

The use of surfaces other than spheres in optical systems has become increasingly practical due to advances in manufacturing technology. Two such alternate surface types are aspheres and diffractives. Aspheric surfaces are typically used to control the Seidel (and higher order) aberrations. Diffractive surfaces, because of their high dispersion, can be used in broadband systems to provide chromatic aberration correction as well. The aim of this work is to develop general statements about the application of aspheric and diffractive surfaces to photographic and digital imaging lenses. The use of such complex surfaces can reduce the number of elements in an imaging system while maintaining equivalent image quality. General rules regarding this design tradeoff are developed. The improvement in performance achieved by adding aspheric and diffractive surfaces, alone or in combination, to one, two and three element lenses is examined. A measure of performance is defined based upon the transverse ray errors calculated from real ray tracing. Using this, lenses of equal performance are designed for various combinations of numerical aperture and field angle. Contours of equal performance are compared for lenses of different constructional parameters. As an example application of the use of aspheric and diffractive surfaces, the design of an objective lens for a digital still camera is considered. Possible configurations for one, two and three element lenses are discussed. The use of diffractive surfaces in broadband imaging systems brings with it the associated cost of stray light due to the variation of diffraction efficiency with wavelength. Under the condition of a low contrast object, the effect of diffraction efficiency is included in the measure of performance and the systems containing diffractive surface reevaluated. The single axis symmetry of the aspheric or diffractive surfaces used results in the inability to remove surface to surface decenter in the lens element during the final edging process. The sensitivity of the systems containing aspheric surfaces to a decenter error is examined and compared to that of a conventional system.
机译：由于制造技术的进步，在光学系统中使用非球面的表面已变得越来越实用。两种这样的替代表面类型是非球面和衍射。非球面通常用于控制Seidel（及更高阶）像差。由于它们的高色散，衍射面可以用于宽带系统中，以提供色差校正。这项工作的目的是发展关于将非球面和衍射表面应用于摄影和数字成像镜头的一般说明。这种复杂表面的使用可以减少成像系统中的元件数量，同时保持等效的图像质量。制定了有关此设计折衷的一般规则。检验了通过向一个，两个和三个元素透镜单独或组合添加非球面和衍射表面而实现的性能改进。根据从实际光线跟踪计算得出的横向光线误差定义性能度量。使用此功能，可以为数值孔径和视场角的各种组合设计性能相同的镜头。比较具有不同结构参数的镜片性能相同的轮廓。作为使用非球面和衍射表面的示例应用，考虑了用于数字静态照相机的物镜的设计。讨论了一种，两种和三种镜片的可能配置。由于衍射效率随波长的变化，在宽带成像系统中使用衍射表面会带来杂散光的相关成本。在低对比度对象的条件下，衍射效率的影响包括在性能指标中，并且重新评估了包含衍射表面的系统。使用的非球面或衍射表面的单轴对称性导致在最终磨边过程中无法去除透镜元件中从表面到表面的偏心。检查了包含非球面表面的系统对偏心误差的敏感性，并将其与常规系统的敏感性进行了比较。

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    Schaub Michael Patrick;

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  • 年度 1999
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  • 正文语种 en_US
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