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Resistance To Onion Thrips (Thrips Tabaci Lindeman) And Incidence Of Iris Yellow Spot Virus In Onions

机译：洋葱对蓟马（蓟马烟粉虱）的抵抗力和虹膜黄斑病毒的发生率

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Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, a worldwide pest of onion, Allium cepa L., can reduce onion yield by 50% and transmit Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV), confirmed in 2006 in New York. T. tabaci are difficult to control with conventional insecticides and have developed resistance to some insecticides in New York. For these reasons, it is necessary to develop a research program aimed at finding alternative management strategies for T. tabaci and IYSV. In field studies over a 2-year period, 49 onion cultivars were screened and 11 had very little leaf damage and were considered resistant to T. tabaci. Choice and no-choic e tests were performed to characterize resistance of different cultivars to T. tabaci. Resistant cultiv ars showed an intermediate to high antibiotic effect to T. tabaci and a very strong antixenotic effect. A study on behavioralr esponses of walking T. tabaci adults using a Y-tube olfactometer suggested that there is not an oriented movement towards onion plant odors. To detect the presence of IYSV transmitted by T. tabaci, in a laboratory experiment, onion cultivars were infested with T. tabaci larvae from an IYSV-infected onion field. In a complementary experiment, plants were moved to an infected IYSV field. All the cultivars became infected with IYSV. The infection varied from 3 to 25% and 37 to 70% in the laboratory and field experiments, respectively. It was observed that cultivars that were identified as resistant to T. tabaci were not necessarily resistant free of the virus and vice versa. Visual assessment indicated that all resistant cultivars had yellow-green colored foliage, whereas susceptible ones had blue-green colored foliage. The reflectance spectrum was measured on leaves using a spectrometer in order to determine if light reflectance was associated with resistance to T. tabaci. Susceptible cultivars had the highest values of leaf reflectance in the first (275-375 nm) and second (310-410 nm) theoretical photopigmen t-system of T. tabac i and these values were significantly different from most resistant cultivars. These results indicated a strong response of T. tabaci to onion cultivars with higher reflectance in the UV range (270-400).>
机译：洋葱蓟马（Thrips tabaci Lindeman）是全世界范围内的洋葱害虫，葱属洋葱（Alium cepa L.）可以使洋葱的产量降低50％以上，并传播虹膜黄斑病毒（IYSV），这在2006年在纽约得到了证实。传统的杀虫剂难以控制烟粉虱，并且在纽约已经对某些杀虫剂产生了抗药性。由于这些原因，有必要制定一项旨在寻找烟粉虱和IYSV替代管理策略的研究计划。在为期2年的田间研究中，对49个洋葱品种进行了筛选，其中11个洋葱叶片受损很小，被认为对烟粉虱具有抗性。进行选择和无选择测试以表征不同品种对烟粉虱的抗性。抗性品种对烟粉虱显示出中等至较高的抗生素作用，并具有很强的抗异物作用。使用Y型管嗅觉仪对行走的烟粉虱成年人进行行为反应的研究表明，洋葱运动没有定向运动。为了检测烟粉虱传播的IYSV的存在，在实验室实验中，用来自IYSV感染洋葱田的烟粉虱幼虫感染了洋葱品种。在一项补充实验中，将植物移至受感染的IYSV田地。所有品种都被IYSV感染。在实验室和现场实验中，感染率分别为3％至25％和37％至70％。据观察，被鉴定为对烟粉虱有抗药性的品种不一定没有该病毒抗药性，反之亦然。视觉评估表明，所有抗性品种的叶色均为黄绿色，而易感品种的叶色为蓝绿色。为了确定光反射率是否与对烟粉虱的抗性相关，使用分光计在叶片上测量了反射光谱。易感品种在烟粉虱的第一个理论系（275-375 nm）和第二个（310-410 nm）理论叶系中具有最高的叶片反射率，这些值与大多数抗性品种显着不同。这些结果表明烟粉虱对洋葱品种的强烈反应，在紫外线范围（270-400）内具有较高的反射率。

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    Diaz Montano John;

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  • 年度 2011
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