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Increasing information intensity in industrial services: towards Industrial Internet and Industrie 4.0 servitizing industrial OEMs

机译：工业服务中的信息强度不断提高：面向工业互联网和工业4.0为工业OEM提供服务

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摘要

Digitization has been transforming organizations for decades, but only recently has the general interest turned to digitization in industrial context. It has been proposed that new technologies are driving towards the next industrial revolution, having profound economic implications. This discussion is referred as Industrie 4.0 or Industrial Internet by industry practitioners.Information is the key enabler and resource that companies use in achieving the higher productivity levels that the Industrial Internet promises. Industrial processes are often highly complex and companies are continually seeking to improve the efficiency of these processes.In this work, many companies use services from various service providers, notably those of original equipment manufacturers (OEM). Over time, many OEMs have transformed from goods producers to advanced solutions providers, supporting their clients e.g., in asset availability with maintenance services and improving their process efficiency with consultancy services. Academic research has been interested in this transformation of OEMs towards service providers, but the role of information and related technologies have not been addressed in any satisfying depth.This thesis investigates the impacts of the proposed industrial revolution from the OEM perspective, focusing on industrial services. Although focused on OEMs, most of the study's findings should be valuable also for other industrial value network participants. An abstract concept termed "information intensity" is developed and applied to avoid restricting the focus to contemporary development only. A broad, multidisciplinary literature review synthetizes existing knowledge on the topic, and a case study on a process manufacturing sector OEM provides further perspectives contributing to the discussion on servitization.It was found that various sectors and service types differ greatly in the scale of benefits that increased information intensity offers. Especially in manufacturing, very high efficiency levels have been achieved relatively early, offering less radical improvement opportunities when compared to e.g., fleet management. In mature sectors, client focus on cost efficiency may also push service market backwards to lower information intensity services. A conceptual division into thing- and system-oriented businesses is proposed, structuring topic discussion and research.Information-based businesses build on contextual expertise, protecting OEMs from disruption from IT-sector companies. However, the competitive environment is becoming more complex, and many players will be trying to encapsulate the service networks. Information may enable sector-specific OEMs to vertically expand further towards client processes while the largest cross-sector OEMs may drive ecosystem development forward horizontally. Basic services are becoming commoditized and consumerized. Importance of service network orchestration increases.Industrial digitization is rapidly evolving, and an understanding of its technical and conceptual foundations would benefit both industry practitioners and academicians. The concept of information intensity provides a novel perspective on advanced services and offers an analytical tool with which to investigate digitization also outside this context. Findings have practical relevance and they contribute theoretically to services transformation and service strategy topics within the discourse on servitization, as well as others focusing on industrial sectors and digitization.
机译：数字化已经使组织发生了变革，但直到最近，才普遍将兴趣转向工业环境中的数字化。已经提出，新技术正在推动下一次工业革命，具有深远的经济意义。业内人士将此讨论称为工业4.0或工业Internet。信息是公司用于实现工业Internet所承诺的更高生产率水平的关键推动因素和资源。工业流程通常非常复杂，因此公司一直在寻求提高这些流程的效率。在这项工作中，许多公司使用来自各种服务提供商的服务，特别是原始设备制造商（OEM）的服务。随着时间的流逝，许多OEM已从商品生产商转变为高级解决方案提供商，例如通过维护服务为客户提供资产支持，并通过咨询服务提高其流程效率。学术研究对OEM向服务提供商的转变很感兴趣，但是信息和相关技术的作用尚未得到令人满意的解决。本文从OEM的角度研究拟议的工业革命的影响，重点是工业服务。 。尽管研究主要针对OEM，但大多数研究结果对其他工业价值网络参与者也应具有参考价值。提出并应用了一个称为“信息强度”的抽象概念，以避免将重点仅局限于当代发展。广泛的，多学科的文献综述综合了有关该主题的现有知识，而对过程制造行业OEM的案例研究则为有助于服务化的讨论提供了进一步的观点，发现各个部门和服务类型的收益规模差异很大。增加信息强度。尤其是在制造中，相对较早地实现了非常高的效率水平，与例如车队管理相比，提供的激进改进机会较少。在成熟的行业中，客户对成本效率的关注也可能将服务市场向后推，以降低信息强度服务。提议将概念性划分为面向事物和系统的业务，从而组织主题讨论和研究。基于信息的业务建立在上下文专业知识的基础上，保护OEM免受IT行业公司的干扰。但是，竞争环境变得越来越复杂，许多参与者将试图封装服务网络。信息可以使特定行业的OEM可以垂直扩展到客户流程，而最大的跨行业OEM可以水平推动生态系统发展。基本服务正在商品化和消费化。服务网络编排的重要性不断提高。工业数字化正在迅速发展，对其技术和概念基础的理解将使行业从业人员和院士受益。信息强度的概念为高级服务提供了新颖的视角，并提供了一种分析工具，可用于在此范围之外研究数字化。这些发现具有实际意义，在理论上有助于服务化讨论中的服务转换和服务策略主题，以及其他关注工业部门和数字化的主题。

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    Melgin Tapio;

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  • 年度 2015
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