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Network models and biproportional rounding for fair seat allocations in the UK elections

机译:在英国大选中公平分配席位的网络模型和双比例四舍五入

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摘要

Systems for allocating seats in an election offer a number of socially and mathematically interesting problems. We discuss how to model the allocation process as a network flow problem, and propose a wide choice of objective functions and allocation schemes. Biproportional rounding, which is an instance of the network flow problem, is used in some European countries with multi-seat constituencies. We discuss its application to single seat constituencies and the inevitable consequence that seats are allocated to candidates with little local support. However, we show that variants can be selected, such as regional apportionment, to mitigate this problem. In particular, we introduce a parameter based family of methods, which we call Balanced Majority Voting, that can be tuned to meet the public's demand for local and global ``fairness''. Using data from the 2010 and 2015 UK General Elections, we study a variety of network models and implementations of biproportional rounding, and address conditions of existence and uniqueness.
机译:在选举中分配席位的系统提供了许多社会和数学上有趣的问题。我们讨论了如何将分配过程建模为网络流问题,并提出了多种目标函数和分配方案。双比例舍入是网络流量问题的一个实例,在一些具有多席位选区的欧洲国家中使用。我们讨论了将其应用于单个席位选区的情况,以及席位分配给几乎没有本地支持的候选人的必然结果。但是,我们显示可以选择变体(例如区域分配)来缓解此问题。特别是,我们引入了一个基于参数的方法系列,我们称之为平衡多数投票,可以对其进行调整以满足公众对本地和全球``公平''的需求。利用2010年和2015年英国大选的数据,我们研究了多种网络模型和双比例四舍五入方法,并研究了存在性和唯一性的条件。

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