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Reliability, Maintainability, Safety

机译：可靠性，可维护性，安全性

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摘要

Within the last 20 years, digital automation has increasingly taken over manual control functions in manufacturing plants, as well as in products. With this shift, reliability, maintainability, and safety responsibilities formerly delegated to skilled human operators have increasingly shifted into automation systems that now “close the loop”. In order to design highly dependable automation systems, the original concept of design for reliability has been refined and greatly expanded to include new engineering concepts such as availability, safety, maintainability, and survivability. Technical definitions for these terms are provided in this section, as well as an overview of engineering methods that have been used to achieve these properties. Current standards and industrial practice in the design of dependable systems are noted. The integration of dependable automation systems in multi-level architectures has also evolved greatly, and new concepts of control and monitoring, remote diagnostics, software safety, and automated reconfigurability are described. An extended example of the role of dependable automation systems at the “enterprise level” is also provided. Finally, recent research trends, such as automated verification, are cited, and many citations from the extensive literature on this topic are provided.
机译：在过去的20年中，数字自动化越来越多地接管制造工厂以及产品中的手动控制功能。通过这种转变，以前委托熟练的操作人员进行的可靠性，可维护性和安全性责任已越来越多地转移到如今“闭环”的自动化系统中。为了设计高度可靠的自动化系统，对可靠性进行设计的原始概念已经得到完善和扩展，以包括新的工程概念，例如可用性，安全性，可维护性和生存能力。本节提供了这些术语的技术定义，并提供了用于实现这些特性的工程方法的概述。注意了可靠系统设计中的当前标准和工业实践。可靠的自动化系统在多级体系​​结构中的集成也已大大发展，并描述了控制和监视，远程诊断，软件安全性和自动化可重新配置性的新概念。还提供了“企业级”可靠自动化系统作用的扩展示例。最后，引用了诸如自动验证之类的最新研究趋势，并提供了有关该主题的大量文献的许多引文。

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