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Benefits and risks of large hydrostatic recesses in hydroelectric turbine thrust bearings

机译：水轮机推力轴承中较大静液压凹槽的利弊

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Operators of hydroelectric power stations sometimes call upon engineers to modify existing hydroelectric turbines, usually several decades old, for improved maintainability and reliability. One common modification is the hybridisation of plain thrust pads to allow hydrostatic operation to reduce the risk of bearing wipe at low speed (virtually all new installations benefit from this feature). A modification such as this is not a difficult undertaking; however, there are numerous factors that need to be considered in order to maximize bearing performance. One factor that stands out above the others is whether the thrust bearing should be designed to lift the turbine immediately from the standing condition, which presents an interesting challenge: the recess has to have a sufficiently large area in order for the supply pressure to be able to overcome the dead weight of the turbine. If the combination of groove area and pressure is insufficient, then lifting is neither immediate nor guaranteed. This need not be a significant problem, as the bearings have exhibited adequate performance even in the absence of a hydrostatic lubricant supply. A case study is presented whereby relatively large hydrostatic recesses are added to the pads of thrust bearing. It is demonstrated with the aid of simple numerical modelling that the impact of the recess relative to the original pad is small under normal operating conditions. Most surprising, however, is that significant reductions in average oil film temperature and power dissipation are predicted.
机译：水力发电站的运营商有时会要求工程师对通常已有数十年历史的现有水力涡轮机进行改造，以提高可维护性和可靠性。一种常见的修改是普通推力垫的混合，以允许静液压操作以降低低速擦拭轴承的风险（实际上，所有新安装都受益于此功能）。这样的修改并不困难。但是，为了最大化轴承性能，需要考虑许多因素。一个突出于其他因素的因素是推力轴承是否应设计成可立即将涡轮机从站立状态中提起，这提出了一个有趣的挑战：凹槽必须具有足够大的面积，以便能够供应压力克服涡轮机的自重。如果凹槽面积和压力的组合不足，则既不能立即提起也不能保证提起。这不必是一个重大问题，因为即使在没有静液压润滑剂供应的情况下，轴承也表现出足够的性能。提出了一个案例研究，其中在推力轴承的轴瓦上增加了较大的静液压凹槽。通过简单的数值模型证明，在正常工作条件下，凹槽相对于原始焊盘的影响很小。然而，最令人惊讶的是，预计平均油膜温度和功耗将大大降低。

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    De Pellegrin Dennis;

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