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The theory of policy alignment: an ideational explanation for change - a case study into Australia's foreign direct investment policy during the Howard governments

机译：政策调整理论：变革的概念性解释-以霍华德政府执政期间澳大利亚的外国直接投资政策为例

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Theorising policy change and stasis is one of the central research questions in politicalscience. Within the ideational scholarship, a full explanation of causality in policydynamics has eluded definition. This thesis seeks to contribute to the debate byproviding an ideational theory for comprehending the primary causation behind anypolicy change in democratic systems. A generic ideational framework for analysingpolicy is constructed that enables constitutive analysis. Here, I assign the keyconceptual categories based on a micro-level understanding of the policy structure.Upon these foundations, I set out my theory of alignment, which explains the chiefdynamic at play in policymaking discourses. The basic premise of the theory holds thatactors in the primary discourse will, in the fullness of time, promote changes to policyto enhance its alignment internally and with ‘real world’ factors. At the crux of theissue is the identification of the policy misalignment by policy subsystem actors, whichis the primary cause behind all the changes to policy that follow. To demonstrate theutility of this framework and theory, I apply it to a study of Australia’s foreigninvestment policy since Settlement, emphasising the period of the Howardgovernments.Two main parts comprise the thesis. The first part delivers the theoretical argument. Itpresents the foundational ideational framework and theory of alignment, and clarifiesthe assumptions upon which they are based. This foundation supplies the tool-set withwhich to scrutinise policy changes with consistency and rigour. I examine severalknown policy patterns and explain how they arise. The efficiency of policy, whichrelates to how well-aligned it is to the ‘real world’, is defined; and with these tools theresearcher may appraise the efficiency of any formal policy within a democraticsystem. The second part offers an analysis of the changes made to Australia’s FDIpolicy, revealing the primary causation behind each formal policy change during theHoward governments. I also qualitatively assess the ‘efficiency’ of FDI policy overall bydrawing attention to the significance of key elements of policy that were deficient,namely, poorly defined objectives, measures, guidelines, and key performanceindicators.
机译：理论上的政策变化和停滞是政治学的核心研究问题之一。在概念性学术研究中，对政策动力学因果关系的完整解释尚无定论。本论文旨在通过提供一种概念理论来理解民主制度中任何政策变革背后的主要因果，从而为辩论做出贡献。构建了用于政策分析的通用概念框架，该框架可以进行构成分析。在这里，我基于对政策结构的微观理解来分配关键概念类别。在这些基础上，我提出了我的协调理论，该理论解释了政策制定话语中的主要动力。该理论的基本前提是，主语中的角色将在整个时间范围内促进政策的变化，以增强其内部和“现实世界”因素的一致性。问题的症结在于策略子系统参与者对策略错位的识别，这是随之而来的所有策略更改背后的主要原因。为了证明这一框架和理论的实用性，我将其用于对自和解以来澳大利亚的外国投资政策进行研究，强调了霍华德政府的时期。论文主要分为两个部分。第一部分提供理论论证。它代表了基本的概念框架和统一理论，并阐明了它们所基于的假设。该基础提供了工具集，可用于以一致和严格的方式仔细检查政策更改。我研究了几种已知的政策模式并解释了它们如何产生。定义了政策的效率，这取决于它与“现实世界”的协调程度。借助这些工具，研究者可以评估民主制度内任何正式政策的效率。第二部分分析了澳大利亚FDI政策的变化，揭示了霍华德政府期间每次正式政策变化背后的主要因果关系。我还通过提请注意缺乏关键的政策要素（即目标，措施，指导方针和关键绩效指标定义不明确）的重要性来定性地评估FDI政策的整体“效率”。

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