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Suspended Sediment Transport Dynamics and Sediment Yields in Relation to Watershed Characteristics, Upper Green River Basin, Kentucky

机译：与上游流域特征相关的悬浮泥沙输送动力学和泥沙产量，肯塔基州上部绿河流域

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摘要

Sediment delivery is a major problem in the Green River, Kentucky, home of 71 of the state’s 103 known mussel species and 151 fish species. The river also provides water for many of its surrounding counties. This research focuses on how suspended sediment loads, grain size, and sediment concentration during runoff events are related to watershed characteristics.The research characterized suspended sediment loads, grain size, and sediment concentration during runoff events and how they were related to watershed characteristics such as hydro-climatic regime, watershed size, geology and soils, topography and landuse conditions and land cover conditions. The study focused on Brush Creek and Pitman Creek watersheds in the Upper Green River Basin. This research can help in the planning and development of effective environmental strategies by screening out mitigation measures that would not be effective for implementation to minimize sediment load and suspended sediment concentration in the Green River, thereby improving the water quality of the river. Water quality was monitored using data sondes positioned at selected sites in the two watersheds. Water samples were collected during turbidity thresholds of 100 NTU and analyzed for suspended sediment concentrations. Regression models between ‘discharge and stage’ and also between ‘average turbidity and suspended sediment concentration’ were formulated and load estimates were made and compared.Four sets of samples were collected, two at Brush Creek on 11 April (Brush Creek’s event 1) and 3 May (Brush Creek’s event 2) and the other two at Pitman Creek on the 12 February (Pitman Creek’s event 1) and 3 March (Pitman Creek’s event 2) all in the year 2008. The suspended sediment samples collected for all four events were well graded but had relatively more silt than clay and sand. This could be due to the fact that more time and energy was needed to break the bonds in clay minerals or particles and also to the fact that more energy was also needed to transport sand compared to silt. Brush Creek watershed’s particles had smaller grain sizes than Pitman Creek watershed’s particles. All four events showed clockwise hysteresis indicating that most of the sediments from both watersheds during the events were derived from the bed and banks of the channel or area adjacent to the channel.The 11 April event (Brush Creek’s event 1) produced an estimated load of 1.1 x 105 kg and a sediment yield of 5.3 x 102 kg/km2. The 3 May event (Brush Creek’s event 2) produced an estimated load of 3.8 x 104 kg and a sediment yield of 1.8 x 102 kg/km2. Brush Creek watershed’s estimated load for the period compared was 4.9 x 105 kg and a sediment yield of 2.3 x 103 kg/km2 (53 kg/km2/day).The 12 February event (Pitman Creek’s event 1) produced an estimated load of 2.9 x 105 kg and a sediment yield of 8.4 x 102 kg/km2. The 3 March event (Pitman Creek’s event 2) produced an estimated load of 5.7 x 105 kg and a sediment yield of 1.6 x 103 kg/km2. Pitman Creek watershed’s estimated load for the period compared was 1.1 x 106 kg and a sediment yield of 3.1 x 103 kg/km2 (71 kg/km2/day).Pitman Creek watershed’s higher number of stream network per unit area, its high elevation and relief, its high percentage of erodible soil per unit area, its lesser area of protection of erodible soil by its vegetation compared to Brush Creek watershed’s are responsible for its higher sediment load and yield.
机译：在肯塔基州的格林河，该州103种已知的贻贝物种中的71种和151种鱼类的家中，沉积物的输送是一个主要问题。这条河还为周围许多县提供水。本研究着重研究径流事件中的悬浮泥沙负荷，粒径和沉积物浓度与流域特征之间的关系，研究了径流事件中悬浮的泥沙负荷，粒径和沉积物浓度与流域特征之间的关系，例如水文气候体制，流域规模，地质和土壤，地形和土地利用状况以及土地覆盖状况。该研究的重点是上游绿河盆地的Brush Creek和Pitman Creek流域。这项研究可以通过筛选出缓解措施，这些措施对于将绿河中的泥沙负荷和悬浮泥沙浓度降低到最低程度，从而无法实施，从而改善河流的水质，从而有助于规划和制定有效的环境策略。使用位于两个流域中选定地点的数据探空仪监测水质。在浊度阈值为100 NTU期间收集水样，并分析悬浮的泥沙浓度。建立了``流量和阶段''之间以及``平均浊度和悬浮泥沙浓度''之间的回归模型，并进行了负荷估算并进行了比较。收集了四组样本，两套分别于4月11日在Brush Creek（Brush Creek的事件1）和5月3日（Brush Creek的事件2）和另外两个分别于2月12日（Pitman Creek的事件1）和3月3日（Pitman Creek的事件2）在2008年。所有四个事件的悬浮泥沙采样均为等级好，但比粘土和沙子具有更多的淤泥。这可能是由于需要更多的时间和精力来打破粘土矿物或颗粒中的结合力，并且与泥沙相比，还需要更多的能量来运送沙子。 Brush Creek分水岭的颗粒比Pitman Creek分水岭的颗粒小。所有这四个事件都显示出顺时针方向的滞后现象，表明事件期间来自两个流域的大部分沉积物均来自河床和河床或河床附近区域的河岸.4月11日事件（Brush Creek的事件1）产生了估计的负荷1.1 x 105千克，沉积物产量为5.3 x 102千克/平方公里。 5月3日的事件（Brush Creek的事件2）产生的估计负荷为3.8 x 104千克，沉积物产量为1.8 x 102千克/平方公里。相比之下，刷子溪流域的估计负荷为4.9 x 105千克，沉积物产量为2.3 x 103千克/平方公里（53千克/平方公里/天）.2月12日事件（皮特曼克里克的事件1）产生的估计负荷为2.9 x 105公斤，底泥产量8.4 x 102公斤/平方公里。 3月3日的事件（皮特曼克里克的事件2）产生的估计负荷为5.7 x 105千克，沉积物产量为1.6 x 103千克/平方公里。相比之下，Pitman Creek流域的估计负荷为1.1 x 106 kg，沉积物产量为3.1 x 103 kg / km2（71 kg / km2 /天）.Pitman Creek流域的单位面积河网数量更多，海拔高，与Brush Creek流域相比，它的单位面积易蚀土壤所占百分比高，植被对易蚀土壤的保护面积较小，这是其较高的沉积物负荷和产量的原因。

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    Otoo James Nii Aboh;

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  • 年度 2010
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