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Boosting the employment rate of older men and women: An empirical assessment using Belgian firm-level data on productivity and labour costs

机译：提高老年男女的就业率：使用比利时企业水平的生产率和劳动力成本数据进行的经验评估

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摘要

European countries need to expand employment among older individuals. Many papers have examined this issue from different angles. However, very few seem to have considered its gender dimension properly, despite evidence that lifting the overall senior employment rate requires significantly raising that of women older than 50. The key issue examined by this paper is whether employers are willing to employ more older workers, in particular older women. The answer depends to a large extent on the ratio of older individuals’ productivity to their cost to employers. To address this question we tap into a unique firm-level panel of Belgian data to produce robust evidence on the causal effect of age/gender on productivity and labour costs. We take advantage of the panel structure to identify age/gender-related differences from within-firm variation. Moreover, inspired by recent developments in the production function estimation literature, we address the problem of endogeneity of the age/gender mix, using a structural production function estimator (Olley and Pakes in Econometrica 64(6):1263–1297, 1996; Levinsohn and Petrin in Rev Econ Stud 70(2):317–341, 2003) alongside IV-GMM methods where lagged value of labour inputs are used as instruments. Our results indicate a small negative impact of larger shares of older men on the productivity-labour cost ratio. An increment of 10%-points of in their share causes a 0.17–0.69%-point contraction. However, the main result is that the equivalent handicap with older women is larger, ranging from 1.3 to 2.0%-points. This is not good news for older women’s employability. And the vast services industry does not seem to offer working conditions that mitigate older women’s disadvantage, on the contrary.
机译：欧洲国家需要扩大老年人的就业。许多论文从不同角度研究了这个问题。但是，尽管有证据表明，提高总体高级就业率要求显着提高50岁以上女性的就业率，但似乎很少有人考虑到其性别方面的问题。本文研究的关键问题是雇主是否愿意雇用更多的老年工人，特别是老年妇女。答案在很大程度上取决于老年人的生产率与雇主付出的成本之比。为了解决这个问题，我们采用了比利时公司独特的企业数据面板，以提供年龄/性别对生产力和劳动力成本的因果关系的有力证据。我们利用面板结构从公司内部差异中识别年龄/性别相关差异。此外，受生产函数估计文献的最新发展启发，我们使用结构生产函数估计器解决了年龄/性别混合的内生性问题（Olley和Pakes in Econometrica 64（6）：1263-1297，1996; Levinsohn和Petrin在Rev Econ Stud 70（2）：317–341，2003中）以及IV-GMM方法，其中劳动力投入的滞后值用作工具。我们的结果表明，较大比例的老年男性对劳动生产率成本比产生了较小的负面影响。其份额增加10％，将导致收缩0.17–0.69％。但是，主要结果是，老年妇女的同等障碍更大，范围为1.3％至2.0％。对于年长妇女的就业能力而言，这不是一个好消息。相反，庞大的服务行业似乎并未提供减轻老年妇女不利条件的工作条件。

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    Vandenberghe Vincent;

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  • 年度 2011
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  • 正文语种 eng
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