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Push-Pull: Chemical ecology-based integrated pest management technology

机译：推挽式：基于化学生态学的病虫害综合治理技术

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Lepidopterous stemborers, and parasitic striga weeds belonging to the family Orobanchaceae, attack cereal crops in sub-Saharan Africa causing severe yield losses. The smallholder farmers are resource constrained and unable to afford expensive chemicals for crop protection. The push–pull technology, a chemical ecology- based cropping system, is developed for integrated pest and weed management in cereal–livestock farming systems. Appropriate plants were selected that naturally emit signaling chemicals (semiochemicals). Plants highly attractive for stemborer egg laying were selected and employed as trap crops (pull), to draw pests away from the main crop. Plants that repelled stemborer females were selected as intercrops (push). The stemborers are attracted to the trap plant, and are repelled from the main cereal crop using a repellent intercrop (push). Root exudates of leguminous repellent intercrops also effectively control the parasitic striga weed through an allelopathic mechanism. Their root exudates contain flavonoid compounds some of which stimulate germination of Striga hermonthica seeds, such as Uncinanone B, and others that dramatically inhibit their attachment to host roots, such as Uncinanone C and a number of di-C-glycosylflavones (di-CGFs), resulting in suicidal germination. The intercrop also improves soil fertility through nitrogen fixation, natural mulching, improved biomass, and control of erosion. Both companion plants provide high value animal fodder, facilitating milk production and diversifying farmers’ income sources. The technology is appropriate to smallholder mixed cropping systems in Africa. Adopted by about 125,000 farmers to date in eastern Africa, it effectively addresses major production constraints, significantly increases maize yields, and is economical as it is based on locally available plants, not expensive external inputs.
机译：鳞翅目干bor和属于Orobanchaceae科的寄生杂草杂草侵袭撒哈拉以南非洲的谷物作物，造成严重的单产损失。小农户的资源有限，无法负担昂贵的化学品来保护作物。推挽技术是一种基于化学生态学的耕作系统，专为谷物-畜牧业耕作系统中的病虫害和杂草综合管理而开发。选择了自然发出信号化学物质（semiochemicals）的适当植物。选择了对茎bor卵极具吸引力的植物，并将其用作诱捕作物（拉），以将害虫从主要作物上带走。选择能排斥茎bor雌虫的植物作为间作作物（推播）。 bor虫被诱捕植物吸引，并使用驱虫间作（推种）将其从主要谷物作物中驱除。豆科驱虫间作的根系分泌物也通过化感机制有效控制了寄生杂草。它们的根系分泌物含有类黄酮化合物，其中一些会刺激链霉菌种子的萌发，例如Uncinanone B，而其他一些会显着抑制其附着在宿主根上的化合物，例如Uncinanone C和许多di-C-糖基黄酮（di-CGFs） ，导致自杀发芽。间作还通过固氮，自然覆盖，改善生物量和控制侵蚀来改善土壤肥力。两种伴生植物都提供高价值的动物饲料，促进了牛奶的生产，并使农民的收入来源多样化。该技术适用于非洲的小农混合种植系统。迄今为止，它已被东部非洲约125,000农民采用，有效地解决了主要的生产限制，显着提高了玉米单产，并且经济实惠，因为它是基于当地现有的植物，而不是昂贵的外部投入。

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