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The effects of sodium hypochlorite against selected drinking water-isolated bacteria in planktonic and sessile states

机译：次氯酸钠对浮游和无柄状态下选定的饮用水分离细菌的影响

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Chlorine is the most commonly used agent for general disinfection, particularly for microbial growth control in drinking water distribution systems. The goals of this study were to understand the effects of chlorine, as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), on bacterial membrane physicochemical properties (surface charge, surface tension and hydrophobicity) and on motility of two emerging pathogens isolated from drinking water, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The effects of NaOCl on the control of single and dual-species monolayer adhered bacteria (2 h incubation) and biofilms (24 h incubation) was also assessed. NaOCl caused significant changes on the surface hydrophobicity and motility of A. calcoaceticus, but not of S. maltophilia. Planktonic and sessile S. maltophilia were significantly more resistant to NaOCl than A. calcoaceticus. Monolayer adhered co-cultures of A. calcoaceticus-S. maltophilia were more resilient than the single species. Oppositely, dual species biofilms were more susceptible to NaOCl than their single species counterparts. In general, biofilm removal and killing demonstrated to be distinct phenomena: total bacterial viability reduction was achieved even if NaOCl at the higher concentrations had a reduced removal efficacy, allowing biofilm reseed. In conclusion, understanding the antimicrobial susceptibility of microorganisms to NaOCl can contribute to the design of effective biofilm control strategies targeting key microorganisms, such as S. maltophilia, and guarantying safe and high-quality drinking water. Moreover, the results reinforce that biofilms should be regarded as chronic contaminants of drinking water distribution systems and accurate methods are needed to quantify their presence as well as strategies complementary/alternative to NaOCl are required to effectively control the microbiological quality of drinking water.
机译：氯是最常用的一般消毒剂，尤其是用于饮用水分配系统中微生物生长的控制。这项研究的目的是了解作为次氯酸钠（NaOCl）的氯对细菌膜理化特性（表面电荷，表面张力和疏水性）以及从饮用水中分离出的两种新兴病原体钙不动杆菌和嗜单核单胞菌的运动性的影响。嗜麦芽。还评估了NaOCl对单物种和双物种单层粘附细菌（孵育2小时）和生物膜（孵育24小时）的控制作用。 NaOCl导致钙乙酸拟南芥的表面疏水性和运动性发生了显着变化，而嗜麦芽孢杆菌则没有。浮游植物和无柄链球菌对NaOCl的抵抗力比钙乙酸曲霉高得多。单层粘附共培养的A. calcoaceticus-S。亲脂性比单一物种更具弹性。相反，双物种生物膜比单物种生物膜更容易受到NaOCl的影响。通常，生物膜的去除和杀灭被证明是不同的现象：即使较高浓度的NaOCl的去除效果降低，细菌的生存力也会降低，从而使生物膜重新播种。总而言之，了解微生物对NaOCl的抗菌敏感性可以有助于设计针对关键微生物（例如嗜麦芽孢杆菌）的有效生物膜控制策略，并确保安全和高质量的饮用水。此外，结果强化了生物膜应被视为饮用水分配系统的慢性污染物，需要精确的方法来量化其存在，以及需要与NaOCl互补/替代的策略来有效控制饮用水的微生物质量。

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