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>Aircraft conceptual design study of the canard and three-surface unconventional configurations for the purposes of reducing environmental impacts
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Aircraft conceptual design study of the canard and three-surface unconventional configurations for the purposes of reducing environmental impacts
With a constant increase in the demand for air transport and today’s high fuel price, the aerospace industry is actively searching for new operation methods and technologies to improve efficiency and to reduce the impact it has on the environment. Aircraft manufacturers are exploring many different ways of designing and building better airplanes. One of the considered methods is the use of unconventional aircraft configurations.ududThe objective of this research is to study two configurations, the canard and three-surface, by applying them into a typical high-speed jet aircraft using the conceptual design tools for conventional aircraft available at Bombardier Aerospace (some of them have been modified and validated for the two configurations of interest). This included a weight estimation of the foreplane, an extensive validation of the aerodynamic tool, AVL, and a modification of a physics-based tail-sizing tool. The last tool was found necessary for an accurate foreplane/tailplane sizing, aircraft balancing, establishing the CG envelope and for the assessment of all stability and control requirements.ududThen, a canard aircraft comparable to the Bombardier research platform aircraft was designed. Final solutions were not obtained from a complete optimization because of some limitations in the design process. The preliminary results show an increase of fuel burn of 10%, leading to an increase of the environmental impacts. The theoretical advantage of not generating any download lift is clearly overwhelmed by the poor effectiveness of the high-lift system. The incapacity to reach a level of high-lift performance close to the one of conventional high-speed aircrafts mostly explains why the canard configuration was found to have no true benefits in this application.ududEven if no final solution of a three-surface aircraft was obtained in this research, this configuration was identified as being better than the canard case according to the information found in the literature. Some past studies concluded that there’s a small improvement in fuel burn over the conventional configuration depending on the application. This unconventional configuration is recognized to have lower trim drag and the capability to fly at minimum drag for all CGs. For this reason, it’s worth continuing the work started in this project to see if a three-surface high-speed jet aircraft could eventually be more efficient.
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机译：随着航空运输需求的不断增长和当今高昂的燃油价格，航空航天工业正在积极寻求新的运行方法和技术，以提高效率并减少对环境的影响。飞机制造商正在探索设计和制造更好飞机的许多不同方式。一种考虑的方法是使用非常规飞机的构型。 ud ud本研究的目的是通过使用概念设计工具将其应用于典型的高速喷气飞机中，研究鸭式和三面两种构型。适用于庞巴迪宇航公司的常规飞机（其中一些已经过改装，并针对两种感兴趣的配置进行了验证）。这包括对前飞机的重量估算，对气动工具，AVL的广泛验证以及对基于物理的尾翼调整工具的修改。最后一个工具被发现对于准确的前飞机/尾飞机尺寸确定，飞机平衡，确定CG包络以及评估所有稳定性和控制要求都是必需的。 ud ud然后，设计了一种与庞巴迪研究平台飞机相当的鸭式飞机。由于设计过程中的某些限制，因此无法从完整的优化中获得最终解决方案。初步结果表明，燃油燃烧量增加了10％，从而导致对环境的影响增加。不产生任何下载提升的理论优势显然被高提升系统效率低下所淹没。不能达到接近传统高速飞机的高升力水平的主要原因是，为什么在这种应用中发现鸭式飞机配置没有真正的好处。 ud ud即使没有最终解决方案，三在这项研究中获得了水面飞机，根据文献中的信息，这种构型被确定为比卡纳德式飞机更好。过去的一些研究得出的结论是，根据应用情况，与传统配置相比，燃油消耗有小幅改善。这种非常规配置被认为具有较低的修剪阻力，并且对于所有CG而言都具有以最小阻力飞行的能力。因此，值得继续进行此项目中的工作，看看三面高速喷气式飞机是否最终会更高效。
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