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農業技術の介入によるインドアンダマン諸島における2004年津波からの農業家計の回復

机译：通过农业技术干预，从印度安达曼群岛2004年海啸中恢复农业家庭

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摘要

The Andaman Islands, as well as the neighboring Nicobar Islands in India were among the areas worst affected by the 2004 tsunami. Before the tsunami, the islands’ hydrological schemes were suitable for agriculture because of the abundant rainfall. However, because of heavy tsunami damage to the agricultural environment, farmers have had to apply new agricultural technologies to restore their livelihoods. In natural disasters, peoples’ livelihoods and the natural condition of the land need to be rapidly recovered. This paper reports how livelihoods are being recovered by intervention with agricultural technologies in the Andaman Islands, and an assessment of the recovery from tsunami damage such as the salinization of soil, and to water resources and rice fields. In the pilot study areas, the interventions have successfully recovered farmers’ agriculture livelihood using newly developed technologies such as the raised crop beds with a coconut husk system or the broad bed and furrows system. Soil salinity and water resources recovered to pre-tsunami levels after two rainy seasons. A main reason for this rapid recovery was the high rainfall—more than 3,000 mm per year. However, in the case of the Andaman Islands, a successful recovery was also to the result of interventions by agricultural technologies. Farmers’ livelihoods were seen to have been successfully restored through the synergy of human activities and natural hydrological schemes.
机译：安达曼群岛以及印度附近的尼科巴群岛是受2004年海啸影响最严重的地区。海啸之前，由于降雨充沛，这些岛屿的水文计划适合农业生产。但是，由于海啸严重破坏了农业环境，农民不得不采用新的农业技术来恢复生计。在自然灾害中，必须迅速恢复人们的生计和土地的自然状况。本文报告了如何通过安达曼群岛的农业技术干预来恢复生计，并评估了从海啸破坏（例如土壤盐渍化）到水资源和稻田的恢复情况。在试点研究区，这些干预措施已使用新开发的技术成功恢复了农民的农业生计，例如带有椰子壳系统的宽大作物床或宽阔的垄沟系统。两个雨季后，土壤盐分和水资源恢复到海啸前的水平。迅速恢复的主要原因是高降雨-每年超过3,000毫米。但是，在安达曼群岛的情况下，农业技术的干预也使成功恢复。人们发现，通过人类活动和自然水文计划的协同作用，农民的生计得以成功恢复。

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    久米 崇;

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  • 年度 2016
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  • 正文语种 ja
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