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Moral luck and the Good Samaritan : law, morality, and the duty/protection of volunteer rescuers

机译：道德运气和好撒玛利亚人：法律，道德和志愿救援人员的责任/保护

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摘要

This Thesis has been prompted by a concern for the position of First Aid volunteers (as Good Samaritans) who, when responding to emergencies act as Rescuers. The project essentially considers the concept of Rescue and particularly the Failure to Rescue as a very important sub-set of the jurisprudence of Omissions. It explores the unusual factors at play in relation to Rescues and uses these as a means to re-examine some of the elements in the persistent confrontation of Law and Morality. It asks especially whether there is a fundamental Duty to Rescue? and if so, the nature of that Duty?. Is it a legal duty (Criminal and/or Civil) or is it simply a moral duty? or is there no duty at all? The question of how Moral Luck impinges in this area is specifically examined given the wide ranging factors that come together to create a Rescue situation (most, or many, of which are entirely matters of luck - and ill luck at that). From a review of previous literature, the concept of Rescue does not appear to have featured to any significant degree in the debates about Law and Morality, and, in particular, the question of whether and to what extent Moral Luck should influence the Duty to Rescue appears to be an original line of enquiry. The project also reviews the current position in relation to English Law and compares this in outline to the position in some other leading Western jurisdictions. It also looks at various initiatives relating to the law of negligence in England & Wales and considers the degree to which volunteer rescuers are/ should be protected under English Law. The project hypothesises that a specific ‘Good Samaritan Law’ is required to protect volunteer rescuers, despite the very recent enactment of the ‘Social Action, Responsibility and Heroism Act 2015’.
机译：这篇论文是由对急救志愿者（作为好撒玛利亚人）的地位的关注引起的，他们在应对紧急情况时充当救援人员。该项目从本质上考虑了救援的概念，尤其是“救援失败”是遗漏法理学的一个非常重要的子集。它探索了与救援相关的不寻常因素，并将其用作重新审视法律与道德持续对抗中的某些因素的手段。它特别询问是否有基本的救援职责？如果是这样，那职责的性质？它是法律义务（刑事和/或民事）还是仅仅是道德义务？还是根本没有义务？考虑到共同产生营救状况的各种因素，道德运气如何影响这一领域的问题得到了专门研究（大多数或许多运气完全是运气，而运气是运气不好）。从对先前文献的回顾来看，在有关法律与道德的辩论中，尤其是在道德运气是否以及在多大程度上应影响救援义务的问题上，救援概念似乎并未表现出任何重要意义。似乎是原始的查询行。该项目还将审查与英国法律相关的当前立场，并将其与其他一些西方主要司法管辖区的立场进行概要比较。它还探讨了与英格兰和威尔士过失法有关的各种倡议，并考虑了/应根据英国法律保护志愿救援人员的程度。该项目的假设是，尽管最近颁布了《 2015年社会行为，责任与英雄主义法案》，但仍需要一项特定的“良好撒玛利亚法律”来保护志愿救援人员。

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    Maydon Gary;

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