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首页> 外文OA文献 >Arctic Land-Ocean Interactions - udPermafrost land-ocean interactions in the Arctic: from coastal to submarine permafrost including gas hydrates
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Arctic Land-Ocean Interactions - udPermafrost land-ocean interactions in the Arctic: from coastal to submarine permafrost including gas hydrates

机译：北极陆地 - 海洋相互作用 - ud北极地区多年冻土陆地 - 海洋相互作用：从沿海到海底永久冻土，包括天然气水合物

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Most Arctic coasts are permafrost coasts. There is regional evidence in northern Alaska and the Laptev Sea area for recent acceleration in the rate of coastal erosion. This is related in part to more open water and higher wave energy due to reduced sea ice coverage, rising sea level, and more rapid thermal abrasion along coasts with high volumes of ground ice. Nearshore zones are a sensitive source and temporary storage for terrigenous matter inputs onto the shelves via coastal erosion, river discharge, and sea ice. Recent flux estimates of sediment and organic carbon from coastal erosion into the Arctic Ocean are around 430 Tg (Tg = 10^12 gram) sediment per year and 4.9-14.0 Tg organic carbon per year. However, the fate of the terrestrial material, the contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and ocean acidification, and the impact on nearshore ecosystems is poorly constrained.udAs sea levels in the Arctic continue to rise, warming ocean water and seawater intrusion enhance the degradation of submarine permafrost. Submarine permafrost is thought to act as a barrier to rising gases from depth, thus, as permafrost degrades, it allows the release of methane gas from dissociating gas hydrates into the water column. Because the Arctic coastal waters are very shallow, escaping greenhouse gases may pass through the water column, and enter the atmosphere directly. Apart from regional to global consequences of a changing environment along Arctic coasts, immediate local implications for coastal communities and indigenous peoples are becoming more apparent. Nearshore ecosystems located in traditional hunting and fishing grounds might be impacted by high loads of sediments and nutrients released from eroding coasts. Coastal retreat leads to a loss of natural habitat for flora and fauna and of cultural heritage from the early explorers and indigenous peoples. In the Arctic coastal zone, the impacts of environmental change on local communities, on ecosystem services, and socioeconomic dynamics have not been quantified yet.
机译：大多数北极海岸都是多年冻土海岸。在阿拉斯加北部和拉普捷夫海地区有区域证据表明最近海岸侵蚀的速度加快了。这部分与开阔水域和更高的波浪能有关，这是由于海冰覆盖面减少，海平面上升以及沿有大量地面冰的海岸更快速的热磨损所致。近岸区域是敏感源，是通过海岸侵蚀，河流排泄和海冰将陆上物质输入到架子的临时存储库。从海岸侵蚀到北冰洋的沉积物和有机碳的近期通量估计为每年约430 Tg（Tg = 10 ^ 12克）沉积物，每年约4.9-14.0 Tg有机碳。但是，陆地物质的命运，对温室气体排放和海洋酸化的贡献以及对近岸生态系统的影响受到的约束都很有限。 ud随着北极海平面继续上升，海水变暖和海水入侵加剧了北极的退化。海底多年冻土。人们认为，海底多年冻土层是阻止天然气从深处升起的屏障，因此，随着多年冻土层的退化，它允许将甲烷水合物分解成水柱而释放出甲烷气体。由于北极沿海水域很浅，逸出的温室气体可能会穿过水柱，直接进入大气。除了北极沿岸环境变化对地区和全球的影响外，对沿海社区和土著人民的直接当地影响也日益明显。传统狩猎和渔场中的近岸生态系统可能会受到侵蚀海岸带出的大量沉积物和养分的影响。沿海撤退导致早期探险家和土著人民丧失了动植物的自然栖息地以及文化遗产。在北极沿海地区，环境变化对当地社区，生态系统服务和社会经济动态的影响尚未量化。

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