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'In front of your nose': the existentialism of George Orwell

机译：“在你的鼻子前面”：乔治奥威尔的存在主义

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George Orwell’s reputation as a writer rests largely upon his final two works, selected essays and some of his journalism. As a novelist, he is often considered limited, and it is for this reason that his writing has perhaps received less serious attention than that of many of his contemporaries.ududSome recent publications have sought to redress this balance, identifying an impressive level of artistry, not only in his more recognised works, but in the neglected novels of the 1930s. Yet, aside from studies focused upon his political beliefs, there has been a lack of attention given to the wider ideas underpinning Orwell’s writing, in particular, those which might be considered, in popular terms, ‘existential’.ududGiven its unusually firm grounding in the many experiences he underwent, Orwell’s thought, I argue, can be viewed profitably from this philosophical standpoint. By engaging his writing in a dialogue with that of the phenomenological-existentialist thinkers, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Emmanuel Levinas, this project aims to make sense of the ideas implicit within his work. Where the work of the aforementioned figures is often opaque and highly abstracted, it will be shown that Orwell’s offers the reader literary and real-life exemplars as a means of making difficult ideas understood.ududThe study is divided into four two-part chapters, which track the Orwell canon in a broadly chronological fashion. In parallel with this, the ideas of the existential philosophers are, too, introduced chronologically: Heidegger, Sartre and, Levinas.ududThe thesis attempts to argue that understanding the implicit existentialism in the work of Orwell not only offers a more complete insight into the man, and the tensions inherent in his character, but also affords the reader many much-needed exemplifications, and in some cases augmentations, of some of the most important ideas in existentialist philosophy.
机译：乔治·奥威尔（George Orwell）作为作家的声誉很大程度上取决于他的最后两部作品，精选论文和他的一些新闻工作。作为小说家，他经常被认为是有限的，因此，他的写作受到的关注可能不如他许多同期的作家那么多。 ud ud最近的一些出版物都试图纠正这种平衡，并确定了令人印象深刻的水平。的艺术性，不仅体现在他的知名度更高的作品中，还体现在1930年代被忽视的小说中。但是，除了针对他的政治信仰的研究之外，对于奥威尔的著作所依据的更广泛的思想，尤其是那些可能被普遍认为是“存在的”思想的思想，人们缺乏关注。 ud ud我坚信，基于他所经历的许多经验的坚定基础，从这种哲学观点来看，奥威尔的思想可以从中获利。通过将他的作品与现象主义存在主义思想家马丁·海德格尔，让·保罗·萨特和伊曼纽尔·列维纳斯进行对话，该项目旨在使他的工作中蕴含的思想变得有意义。在上述人物的作品通常是不透明且高度抽象的地方，这将表明奥威尔为读者提供了文学和现实生活的典范，以使人们理解困难的想法。 ud ud这项研究分为四个部分，分为两个部分章节，以广泛的时间顺序跟踪奥威尔经典。与此同时，存在哲学家的思想也按时间顺序进行了介绍：海德格尔，萨特和列维纳斯。 ud ud本文试图指出，理解奥威尔著作中的隐性存在主义不仅提供了更完整的见解。人的性格，以及他性格中固有的张力，也为读者提供了存在主义哲学中一些最重要思想的许多急需的例证，在某些情况下甚至是扩充。

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    Dulley Paul Richard;

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